{"id":4438,"date":"2020-10-17T07:41:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T04:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=4438"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:53:04","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:53:04","slug":"boom-bust-icos-lot-of-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/cs\/2020\/10\/17\/boom-bust-icos-lot-of-money\/","title":{"rendered":"Boom a krach ICO a spousta pen\u011bz"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f m\u00e1te skv\u011bl\u00fd produkt\/obchodn\u00ed n\u00e1pad, ale jste trochu na mizin\u011b. Aby v\u00e1\u0161 skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1pad vzkv\u00e9tal, pot\u0159ebuje n\u011bjak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky a\/nebo investice, ale ... koho o to po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1te? Banka? P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho byrokracie (a mo\u017en\u00e1 u\u017e m\u00e1te nezaplacen\u00fd kredit). Platforma crowdfundingu? Mo\u017en\u00e1 to bude sta\u010dit ... pokud budete dostate\u010dn\u011b marketingovat a platit poplatky. Ten pochybn\u00fd v\u011b\u0159itel, kter\u00e9ho jste na\u0161li na Facebooku? To opravdu nezn\u00ed moc dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pak co? Je v\u00e1\u0161 rod\u00edc\u00ed se start odsouzen b\u00fdt nav\u017edy jen ve va\u0161\u00ed hlav\u011b? Ne, pokud s t\u00edm sv\u011bt kryptom\u011bn m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bco ud\u011blat. To je hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se zrodily Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed nab\u00eddky minc\u00ed (ICO), Token Sales nebo Crowdsales.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je tedy ICO?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat (druh\u00fd) n\u00e1zev, ICO jsou mechanismem z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, ve kter\u00e9m spole\u010dnost, organizace, t\u00fdm nebo jednotlivec (kdokoli, opravdu) nab\u00edz\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti zaveden\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed nov\u00fdch token\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na blockchainu k prodeji v dan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S prost\u0159edky z\u00edskan\u00fdmi touto metodou mohou auto\u0159i projektu, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed ICO, dokon\u010dit v\u00fdvoj sv\u00e9ho produktu nebo my\u0161lenky. V\u00fdm\u011bnou za to investo\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 tokeny vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 pro ICO, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt pozd\u011bji v r\u00e1mci budouc\u00ed platformy\/produktu nebo se mohou chovat (jakousi) jako akcie: pokud je projekt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b dokon\u010den, tokeny zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed svou po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fotka od Gino Crescoli z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e to shrneme: je n\u011bco velmi podobn\u00e9ho crowdfundingu, ale zejm\u00e9na pro startupy, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed kryptom\u011bny<\/a> a bez t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00e9koli regulace nebo podm\u00ednek na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jedin\u00e1 v\u011bc, kterou by v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i ICO m\u011bli platit, jsou (obvykle velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9) poplatky za transakci nebo chytrou smlouvu. Ten by byl nezbytn\u00fd k uzam\u010den\u00ed fond\u016f a jejich rozd\u011blen\u00ed mezi investory spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a transparentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory tomu by t\u00fdm za projektem m\u011bl ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f st\u00e1le kontrolu nad finan\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky<\/strong>\u2026 A to je ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f probl\u00e9m. Proto\u017ee jsou ICO bohu\u017eel obklopeny \u0161patn\u00fdmi n\u00e1pady, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi platformami, agresivn\u00edm marketingem a v nejhor\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech podvody a podvody. Nejsou regulov\u00e1ny a koneckonc\u016f to nen\u00ed jen v\u00fdhoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozmach: \u0161\u00edlen\u00e1 zlat\u00e1 hore\u010dka 2017-2018<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed ICO uspo\u0159\u00e1dal v roce 2013 Mastercoin (nyn\u00ed Omni), platforma zalo\u017een\u00e1 na Bitcoin<\/a> kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch kryptom\u011bn a aktiv. K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zn\u00e1m\u00fd a jeho \u00fasp\u011bch by mohl b\u00fdt diskutabiln\u00ed. I kdy\u017e, pouh\u00fd rok pot\u00e9, p\u0159ijde Ethereum ICO (ano, Ethereum se zrodilo odtamtud).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za n\u011bkolik let to bude obl\u00edben\u00fd blockchain<\/a> zah\u00e1jit ICO, ale do t\u00e9 doby z\u00edskal p\u016fvodn\u00ed projekt kolem 18 milion\u016f dolar\u016f v BTC za prodej Ethers (ETH), jejich nativn\u00edho tokenu. (\u0160\u0165astn\u00ed) investo\u0159i koupil je<\/a> na 0,31 USD za jednotku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni je cena t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 400 USD za jednotku. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat ETH uvnit\u0159 blockchainu Ethereum k placen\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00edch poplatk\u016f, psan\u00ed chytr\u00fdch smluv nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch decentralizovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed (Dapps).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem prvn\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 let sv\u00e9 existence ICO nevzbudily velk\u00fd rozruch. Jeden sem, druh\u00fd tam; se skromn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. A pak z \u010dista jasna explodovaly: projekty se sotva b\u00edl\u00fdm pap\u00edrem, kter\u00e9 za p\u00e1r dn\u00ed (nebo dokonce minut) z\u00edskaly miliony,<\/strong> p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 ICO spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch za m\u011bs\u00edc, blockchain Ethereum nasycen kv\u016fli jejich velk\u00e9mu objemu (n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho Projekty DeFi nyn\u00ed<\/a>) a stra\u0161n\u011b moc FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fotka od Tumisu z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Odtud poch\u00e1zely sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 projekty. Sirin Labs (blockchain mobiln\u00ed telefony<\/a> \/ +150 mil.), Filecoin<\/a> (\u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b blockchain \/ +200 mil.), Tezos ( +250 mil.) a historick\u00fd EOS (chytr\u00e9 kontrakty \/ +4,2 B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uprost\u0159ed vzru\u0161en\u00ed se v\u0161ak snadno va\u0159ily i \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 podvody. Jedn\u00edm z nich byl Vietnam's Modern Tech, kter\u00fd sv\u00fdm investor\u016fm nab\u00edzel dv\u011b ICO.<\/strong> Sl\u00edbili<\/a> mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 n\u00e1vratnost investic (ROI) pro dva (zbyte\u010dn\u00e9) tokeny: Pincoin a iFan. Kdy\u017e vybrali kolem 666 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, utekli pry\u010d se v\u0161emi pen\u011bzi. Byl to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed podvod sv\u00e9 doby a st\u00e1le vypl\u0148uje pozici naho\u0159e. Fuj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Busta a krypto zima<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zima se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed. Ten \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd rytmus nemohl trvat v\u011b\u010dn\u011b, tak\u017ee sn\u00edh (a krev) chytil trh do konce roku 2018. As Michael Casey<\/a> tehdy \u0159ekl: \u201eBitcoin nyn\u00ed klesl zhruba o 75% ze sv\u00fdch maxim, ether je vypnut\u00fd asi o 90% a celkov\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed kapitalizace token\u016f je o 80% ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b (jako \u010c\u00edna a Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea) ICO zcela zak\u00e1zaly <\/strong>a ty za\u010daly m\u00edt na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b systematick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Americk\u00e1 komise pro cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry esta<\/a>zjistil, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd token sl\u00edben\u00fd jako budouc\u00ed investice bude regulov\u00e1n jako finan\u010dn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a jejich vydavatel\u00e9 budou muset dodr\u017eovat ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pravidla (a n\u00e1klady), aby z\u00edskali licenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Evropsk\u00fd org\u00e1n pro cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry a trhy (ESMA) vydal a podobn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee \u201efirmy zapojen\u00e9 do ICO by m\u011bly pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit, zda jejich \u010dinnosti nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed regulovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Jak\u00e9koli nedodr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pravidel bude znamenat [potrestan\u00e9] poru\u0161en\u00ed \u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle studie<\/a> poradensk\u00e1 firma ICO Statis Group, 78% z roku 2017 ICO bylo identifikov\u00e1no jako podvody<\/strong>; zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/a> proveden\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed GreySpark Partners odhalilo, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50% projekt\u016f ICO do roku 2018 z jednoho nebo jin\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu selhalo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2019, jak uvedla v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 firma CB Insights<\/a>, fundraising ICO meziro\u010dn\u011b klesl o 95%. Zat\u00edmco rok 2018 jim dal 7,8 miliardy dolar\u016f, v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce ICO nasb\u00edraly pouze 371 milion\u016f. Kdy\u017e vezmeme v \u00favahu v\u0161echny podvody, \u0161patnou pov\u011bst, druho\u0159ad\u00e9 projekty a p\u0159edpisy, byl to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jedin\u00fd mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje dokonce kniha vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed ten p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/a> z pohledu emitent\u016f ICO (banda student\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pen\u00edze ICO<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak jsme ji\u017e \u0159ekli, velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00edskan\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b zmizela kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00fdm projekt\u016fm nebo podvod\u016fm. Zbytek jsou v rukou burz, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f a \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch investor\u016f, kter\u00fdm se poda\u0159ilo nakoupit za opravdu levn\u00e9 ceny kryptom\u011bn a produkt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed vysoce cen\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud zkontrolujeme ICObench<\/a>, online sledova\u010d ICO, v\u0161imneme si, \u017ee celkov\u00e9 z\u00edskan\u00e9 prost\u0159edky se pohybuj\u00ed kolem 27 miliard dolar\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e existuje +5,7 tis. publikovan\u00fdch projekt\u016f<\/strong>. Existuje v\u0161ak trik: velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z nich nejsou p\u0159esn\u011b ICO, ale IEO (Initial Exchange Offerings).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fotka od Csaba Nagy z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

To je n\u011bco jako ICO, ale jsou spu\u0161t\u011bny pouze regulovan\u00fdmi burzami, kter\u00e9 vyb\u00edraj\u00ed projekty t\u00edm, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e o dokumenty, po\u017eadavky a poplatky. Vydavatel\u00e9 ICO tak mus\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1dat o \u0161anci b\u00fdt uvedeni jako IEO a podvod je mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee IEO jsou p\u0159irozen\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem ICO. Ale my dostal dobrou lekci<\/a> from those times: all that glitters\u00a0is\u00a0not gold. And most of the bets are lost, so, never invest something you can\u2019t afford to lose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcete obchodovat BTC, ETH a dal\u0161\u00ed tokeny? M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 to ud\u011blat<\/em>\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u011b\u00a0na Alfacash<\/a>! A nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee mluv\u00edme o tomto a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bcech na na\u0161ich soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch.

<\/em>Cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Telegram<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Instagram<\/a> * Youtube<\/a>\u00a0*Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed nab\u00eddky minc\u00ed (ICO) m\u011bly v letech 2017\u20132018 velk\u00fd boom, ale to nemohlo trvat v\u011b\u010dn\u011b. Co se do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne stalo?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[61,107,150,148,149,101],"class_list":{"0":"post-4438","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-cryptocurrencies","9":"tag-ethereum","10":"tag-fundraising","11":"tag-ico","12":"tag-ieo","13":"tag-investment"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Boom-and-bust-of-ICOs-and-their-secrets-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/cs\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nBoom and bust of ICOs and a lot of money - alfa.cash blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) had a great boom in 2017-2018, but that couldn't last forever. 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