{"id":7906,"date":"2021-09-19T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-19T07:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=7906"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:51:18","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:51:18","slug":"bitcoin-legal-currency-salvador-panama-ukrajina-vice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/cs\/2021\/09\/19\/bitcoin-legal-currency-salvador-panama-ukrajina-vice\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitcoin jako leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna: Salvador, Panama, Ukrajina a dal\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bitcoin (BTC) zah\u00e1jil novou \u00e9ru v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice. Jeho metody se roze\u0161ly s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi sch\u00e9maty, proto\u017ee to byla prvn\u00ed zcela digit\u00e1ln\u00ed a decentralizovan\u00e1 m\u011bna. Jeho hodnota by nav\u00edc byla \u0159\u00edzena pouze nab\u00eddkou a popt\u00e1vkou; a ne od jak\u00e9koli centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt Bitcoin tak\u00e9 jako leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed funkce Bitcoin v\u0161ak zt\u011b\u017eovaly regulaci vl\u00e1d\u00e1m a regula\u010dn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba posuzovat individu\u00e1ln\u011b. Proto, z\u00e1konnost Bitcoin<\/a> (a dal\u0161\u00ed kryptom\u011bny) z\u00e1vis\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry na zemi, ve kter\u00e9 je hodnocena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve velk\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b z nich, jako jsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, Kanada, n\u011bkter\u00e9 asijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b a Evropsk\u00e1 unie, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Bitcoin<\/a> je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za leg\u00e1ln\u00ed. I kdy\u017e to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 stejn\u00fd status jako jejich n\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bny. Poj\u010fme se na to trochu pod\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitcoin jako leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna vs. leg\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u00edze<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Definice \u201ez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla\/m\u011bny\u201c se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed. Obecn\u011b v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek na \u00fazem\u00ed. Obvykle je popisov\u00e1n jako povinn\u00fd; jak je definov\u00e1no nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 banka<\/a>. Je to pak tento \u201epovinn\u00fd\u201c status, kter\u00fd by mohl odli\u0161it z\u00e1konn\u00e1 platidla od leg\u00e1ln\u00edch pen\u011bz<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 povolen jako zp\u016fsob platby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nejlep\u0161\u00ed<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V tomto smyslu, mimo status z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla, mohl Bitcoin p\u0159ijmout pouze jednotlivci a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby jako voliteln\u00fd zp\u016fsob platby<\/a>. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem by kdokoli m\u011bl pr\u00e1vo to odm\u00edtnout a m\u00edsto toho po\u017e\u00e1dat o n\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnu. Naopak, pokud by Bitcoin (nebo jin\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny) byly leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou, jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt povinn\u00e9. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch z\u00e1konech a rozhodnut\u00edch vl\u00e1d.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edm pouze jedna zem\u011b na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijala Bitcoin jako z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo, a\u010dkoli to nen\u00ed jedin\u00e1 m\u011bna s t\u00edmto statusem na \u00fazem\u00ed. Mluv\u00edme samoz\u0159ejm\u011b o El Salvador<\/a>. Letos se ale otev\u00edraj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 legalizuj\u00ed m\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Salvador<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh na p\u0159ijet\u00ed Bitcoin za leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu p\u0159edlo\u017eil letos v \u010dervnu prezident Nayib Bukele a o n\u011bkolik hodin pozd\u011bji byl schv\u00e1len z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fdm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. N\u00e1sledn\u011b 7. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021 vstoupil v platnost takzvan\u00fd \u201ez\u00e1kon Bitcoin\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z hlavn\u00edch motivac\u00ed prezidenta k tomuto rozhodnut\u00ed jsou vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady p\u0159evody pen\u011bz<\/a> \u017ee jeho ob\u010dan\u00e9 mus\u00ed platit za mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159evody pen\u011bz. Tyto poplatky<\/a> dos\u00e1hne \u010d\u00e1stky a\u017e 400 milion\u016f dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 20% HDP zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pras\u00e1tko-bankovky-mince-kryptos\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u011b\u017eba Bitcoin<\/a> se stal leg\u00e1ln\u00edm i v Salvadoru. Existuje dokonce n\u00e1vrh vyu\u017e\u00edt k tomuto \u00fa\u010delu n\u00e1rodn\u00ed geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energii, ale zat\u00edm o tom nen\u00ed definov\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 regulace. Pokud jde o dan\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami, ob\u010dan\u00e9 Salvadoru nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky. Osvobozeni budou tak\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investo\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed v t\u00e9to zemi z\u00edskaj\u00ed zisky v d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ceny Bitcoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Povinn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Bitcoin v Salvadoru<\/strong>, uva\u017eov\u00e1no v Bitcoin z\u00e1kon<\/a> (a\u017e na n\u011bkolik v\u00fdjimek), vynik\u00e1. \u010cl\u00e1nek 7 zn\u00ed: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd agent mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout Bitcoin jako zp\u016fsob platby, kdy\u017e mu je nab\u00eddne ten, kdo z\u00edsk\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017ebu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To vyvolalo kontroverzi, p\u0159esto\u017ee prezident Bukele a ministr financ\u00ed Alejandro Zelaya vyp\u00edchnut<\/a> (rozporupln\u011b), \u017ee nikdo nebyl povinen p\u0159ijmout Bitcoin v Salvadoru. Odp\u016frci z\u00e1kona reagovali s m\u00edrov\u00e9 protesty<\/a> a tak\u00e9 n\u00e1siln\u011b ni\u010d\u00ed a p\u00e1l\u00ed bankomaty Bitcoin instalovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Panama<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Panam\u011b legalizace Bitcoin je\u0161t\u011b neprob\u011bhla, ale do N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed bylo p\u0159edlo\u017eeno n\u011bkolik n\u00e1vrh\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich uva\u017euj\u00ed o legalizaci a zdan\u011bn\u00ed a jin\u00ed o regulaci t\u011b\u017eby Bitcoin nebo o kombinaci obou. Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich dosud nebyl schv\u00e1len ani odvol\u00e1n. Na tyto ot\u00e1zky st\u00e1le neexistuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 pokyny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bitcoin-leg\u00e1ln\u00ed
Fotka od jorono z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by pou\u017eit\u00ed Bitcoin bylo voliteln\u00e9 a nebylo by povinn\u00e9<\/strong>. Jedinou m\u011bnou z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla v t\u00e9to zemi bude nad\u00e1le m\u00edstn\u00ed Balboa (PAB) a americk\u00fd dolar (USD). jako pro navrhovan\u00e9 z\u00e1kony<\/a>\u201eBylo navr\u017eeno, aby krom\u011b legalizace Bitcoin jako platebn\u00ed metody byly dan\u011b a licence aplikov\u00e1ny na t\u011b\u017ea\u0159e kryptom\u011bn a spole\u010dnosti (nap\u0159\u00edklad kryptoburzy).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrajina<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tento m\u011bs\u00edc schv\u00e1lil ukrajinsk\u00fd parlament (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rada) n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 a reguluje<\/a> kryptom\u011bny, jako je Bitcoin. P\u0159esto nejsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo, ale mohou b\u00fdt leg\u00e1ln\u011b vym\u011bn\u011bny a prohl\u00e1\u0161eny ob\u010dany t\u00e9to zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"bitcoin-leg\u00e1ln\u00ed
Obr\u00e1zek od cryptostock z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Podle d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed si Ukrajina dr\u017eela celosv\u011btov\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pozice v oblasti p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bn \u0158et\u011bzov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza<\/a>. V roce 2021 to ve\u0161lo ve zn\u00e1most prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zpr\u00e1vy Opendatabot<\/a> \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 652 st\u00e1tn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f na Ukrajin\u011b dr\u017eelo dohromady 46 351 bitcoin\u016f (BTC). Od te\u010f, tyto p\u0159evody opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed \u0161edou z\u00f3nu, aby se na \u00fazem\u00ed staly zcela leg\u00e1ln\u00edmi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi nov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zavedena, pat\u0159\u00ed licence a dan\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na krypto spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed v zemi p\u016fsobit. Krom\u011b toho budou m\u00edt spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 i poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Karibsk\u00e1 zem\u011b uznala Bitcoin<\/a> jako zp\u016fsob platby pomoc\u00ed nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon<\/a> kter\u00fd vstoupil v platnost tento m\u011bs\u00edc. Nov\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec tak\u00e9 uva\u017euje o regulaci Bitcoin a kryptom\u011bn. Specifikuje, \u017ee kryptom\u011bny lze prov\u00e1d\u011bt mezi finan\u010dn\u00edmi institucemi, pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdmi osobami a fyzick\u00fdmi osobami, pokud jsou schv\u00e1leny Kub\u00e1nskou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bitcoin-leg\u00e1ln\u00ed
Obr\u00e1zek Lloyd Cl z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho transakce s kryptom\u011bny<\/a> nejsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny, ale bylo varov\u00e1no, \u017ee nebudou chr\u00e1n\u011bny z\u00e1konem. Stejn\u011b tak v\u0161echny spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u016fsobit s t\u011bmito aktivy na \u00fazem\u00ed, mus\u00ed z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou licenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed Bitcoin v t\u00e9to zemi se uk\u00e1zalo jako alternativa pro zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed remitenc\u00ed, vzhledem k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu Kub\u00e1nc\u016f k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ekonomice. Bitcoin zde v\u0161ak nebude leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou: z\u00e1konn\u00fdm platidlem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 peso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitcoin jako leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 zem\u011b<\/a> \u017ee i bez p\u0159ijet\u00ed Bitcoin jako z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla maj\u00ed vst\u0159\u00edcn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpisy v\u016f\u010di kryptom\u011bn\u00e1m. M\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad Maltu, zn\u00e1mou jako \u201eostrov blockchainu\u201c. Jednalo se o jednu z prvn\u00edch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 regulovaly Bitcoin, aby podpo\u0159ily jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bez zlo\u010dinu<\/a>. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem je Japonsko, kde se narodil Mt. Gox, kdysi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 burza Bitcoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Srpen-kryptom\u011bna-sv\u011bt-2021\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko, Singapur a Estonsko se tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed k tomuto seznamu, proto\u017ee bitcoin pova\u017euj\u00ed za leg\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd tam. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, je Laos,<\/strong> \u010d\u00ed vl\u00e1da kone\u010dn\u011b autorizov\u00e1n<\/a> Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed a t\u011b\u017eba Bitcoin po t\u0159ech letech z\u00e1kazu. To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se do kryptosv\u011bta p\u0159ipojuje st\u00e1le v\u00edce zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco Bitcoin se narodil jako m\u011bna mimo st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrolu a p\u0159edpisy<\/a>, vl\u00e1dy by nevyhnuteln\u011b cht\u011bly regulovat jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch jurisdikc\u00ed. To by tak\u00e9 mohlo p\u0159in\u00e9st velk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry v jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed adopce a z\u00e1ruky a tak\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed o tom tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed v cest\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcete obchodovat s Bitcoin a dal\u0161\u00edmi \u017eetony? M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 to ud\u011blat<\/em> bezpe\u010dn\u011b <\/em>na Alfacash<\/a><\/em>! A nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee mluv\u00edme o tomto a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bcech na na\u0161ich soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cvrlik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> * Telegram<\/a> * Facebook<\/a> * Instagram<\/a> * Youtube<\/a> * Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bitcoin je nyn\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou v n\u011bkolika zem\u00edch. Krom\u011b Salvadoru m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit v\u00edce s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony. Objevte je zde!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[43,61,339,340,118,407],"class_list":{"0":"post-7906","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analysis","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-cryptocurrencies","10":"tag-el-salvador","11":"tag-latin-america","12":"tag-regulations","13":"tag-ukraine"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/02-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/cs\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nBitcoin as legal currency: El Salvador, Panama, Ukraine, and more<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bitcoin is now legal currency in several countries. Beyond El Salvador, we can mention more with different laws. Discover them here!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/cs\/2021\/09\/19\/bitcoin-legal-currency-salvador-panama-ukrajina-vice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bitcoin as legal currency: El Salvador, Panama, Ukraine, and more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bitcoin is now legal currency in several countries. Beyond El Salvador, we can mention more with different laws. 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