{"id":7319,"date":"2021-05-16T23:34:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-16T20:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=7319"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:51:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:51:46","slug":"faq-criptomonedas-contaminacion-cambio-climatico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/es\/2021\/05\/16\/faq-criptomonedas-contaminacion-cambio-climatico\/","title":{"rendered":"Preguntas frecuentes: criptomonedas, contaminaci\u00f3n y cambio clim\u00e1tico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Debes haberlo escuchado ya: las criptomonedas no son muy ecol\u00f3gicas. Tienen un impacto ambiental malo, est\u00e1n aumentando el cambio clim\u00e1tico, son \u201cun desastre ambiental\u201d [Agust\u00edn Carstens], etc. \u00bfEs todo esto cierto? \u00bfLas criptomonedas est\u00e1n produciendo contaminaci\u00f3n y contribuyendo al cambio clim\u00e1tico?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recientemente, <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2021\/05\/13\/tesla-rejects-bitcoin-environmental-concerns-its-right\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tesla se detuvo<\/a> aceptar pagos Bitcoin (BTC) <strong>por considerarlo \u201cun gran costo para el medio ambiente\u201d.<\/strong> \u00bfC\u00f3mo podr\u00eda ser esto? Son digitales, \u00bfverdad? No est\u00e1n escupiendo exactamente humo negro al cielo despejado. Bueno, ahora es el momento de resolver todas tus dudas al respecto. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfCriptomonedas = contaminaci\u00f3n? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Para empezar, no todas las criptomonedas pueden producir contaminaci\u00f3n. El verdadero problema proviene de <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2020\/08\/25\/cryptocurrency-mining-dummies-how-works\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Miner\u00eda de prueba de trabajo (PoW)<\/a>. \u00c9ste es un algoritmo, y por &quot;algoritmo&quot; nos referimos a un conjunto de pasos y m\u00e9todos que se construyen (con matem\u00e1ticas) para lograr un resultado espec\u00edfico o resolver un problema. Eso es exactamente lo que hace el PoW: desarrollar un problema o acertijo matem\u00e1tico dif\u00edcil que los mineros deben resolver para verificar transacciones virtuales y &quot;extraer&quot; algunas monedas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"bitcoin-monedas-pu\u00f1ado-billetera\" class=\"wp-image-5779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-762x508.jpg 762w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-773x515.jpg 773w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-554x369.jpg 554w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-306x204.jpg 306w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-260x173.jpg 260w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280-87x58.jpg 87w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/hands-4348717_1280.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Los mineros compiten con los dem\u00e1s para &quot;encontrar&quot; las monedas primero, y su poder computacional total ayuda a asegurar la red. A\u00fan as\u00ed, no suena muy contaminante, \u00bfverdad? Bueno, el problema es ese acertijo. Nadie puede resolverlo realmente a la velocidad necesaria para competir. Solo las computadoras y algunos dispositivos especializados (<a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2020\/11\/21\/easy-crypto-miners-how-mine-cryptocurrencies-problems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mineros ASIC<\/a>) lo puede hacer. Y no solos: requieren mucha electricidad para intentarlo una y otra vez hasta dar con la soluci\u00f3n. De ah\u00ed el &quot;trabajo&quot; en la prueba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entonces, en caso de que no lo supiera, mucha electricidad generalmente equivale a m\u00e1s contaminaci\u00f3n, <\/strong>dependiendo de d\u00f3nde provenga esa energ\u00eda. El carb\u00f3n y otros combustibles f\u00f3siles son fuentes comunes de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica en todo el mundo. Por lo tanto, si la energ\u00eda para extraer criptomonedas proviene del carb\u00f3n, eso significar\u00eda m\u00e1s emisiones da\u00f1inas para el planeta. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por otro lado, tenemos m\u00e1quinas ASIC. Fueron dise\u00f1ados espec\u00edficamente para minar criptomonedas y nada m\u00e1s. Sin embargo, no durar\u00e1n mucho, porque la dificultad de minar criptos siempre aumenta con la cantidad de mineros que se unen a la red (por razones de seguridad). Una vez finalizado el per\u00edodo \u00fatil (alrededor de 1,5 a\u00f1os), pueden <a href=\"https:\/\/digiconomist.net\/bitcoin-electronic-waste-monitor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">convertirse en basura electr\u00f3nica<\/a> y, b\u00e1sicamente, agregar m\u00e1s basura de criptomonedas al mont\u00f3n de contaminaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por supuesto, esto solo sucede con las criptomonedas PoW. Otros sistemas, como Proof-of-Stake (PoS), no tienen este problema de miner\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 criptos producen contaminaci\u00f3n y cu\u00e1les no?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Esa es una respuesta complicada. Incluso en el caso de las criptomonedas PoW, <strong>todo depende de la fuente de energ\u00eda y los usos alternativos de los ASIC.<\/strong> La mayor\u00eda de los mineros eligen ubicaciones donde la fuente de energ\u00eda dominante es renovable, y algunos de ellos ya est\u00e1n usando sus ASIC para funciones adicionales, como <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Jonbros01\/status\/1064224854164074497?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">calefacci\u00f3n<\/a> o cultivar tomates<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KamilBrejcha\/status\/972438246528569344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">De Verdad<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00bfQui\u00e9n imaginar\u00eda que la miner\u00eda de criptomonedas y la agricultura pueden trabajar juntas? El primer lote de criptomates est\u00e1 listo para ser cosechado. Estamos usando el exceso de calor para el invernadero de tomates y est\u00e1 funcionando :-) <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/U7qqKTshqO\">pic.twitter.com\/U7qqKTshqO<\/a><\/p>- Kamil Brejcha (@KamilBrejcha) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/KamilBrejcha\/status\/972438246528569344?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">10 de marzo de 2018<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n podemos considerar que existen versiones PoW \u201cm\u00e1s ligeras\u201d. No requieren ASIC para funcionar, solo computadoras, y el consumo de energ\u00eda es moderado. Ese es el caso de <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2021\/03\/29\/discover-monero-how-use-it-full-privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Monero (XMR)<\/a>, por ejemplo. Al contrario, Bitcoin sigue siendo la moneda m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil de extraer y requiere mucha energ\u00eda y ASIC. Es por eso que sus mineros suelen elegir las fuentes renovables m\u00e1s baratas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De acuerdo a <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptoslate.com\/coins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CryptoSlate<\/a>, hay m\u00e1s de 406 monedas PoW. Entre ellos se encuentran varios de los m\u00e1s populares: Bitcoin, <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2020\/11\/04\/what-litecoin-ultimate-history-silver-cryptocurrencies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Litecoin (LTC),<\/a> Bitcoin Efectivo (BCH), Ethereum (ETH), <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2020\/09\/18\/little-story-dogecoin-shiba-inus-cryptocurrency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dogecoin (DOGE),<\/a> Zcash (ZEC) y Monero (XMR).<strong> Por otro lado, hay m\u00e1s de 546 monedas tipo PoS,<\/strong> incluso <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2021\/02\/27\/bitcoin-goes-down-cardano-reaches-new-heights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cardano (ADA)<\/a>, Polkadot (DOT), Stellar (XLM), Cosmos (ATOM), Tron (TRX), Tezos (XTZ), Lisk (LSK), DASH, XRP y EOS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfCu\u00e1nta energ\u00eda consumen las criptomonedas PoW?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>No podemos saberlo con certeza, pero tenemos algunas descripciones generales para Bitcoin. Seg\u00fan el consumo de electricidad Cambridge Bitcoin (<a href=\"https:\/\/cbeci.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CBEI<\/a>), Bitcoin consume alrededor de 148 TWh al a\u00f1o, m\u00e1s que en Suecia, Ucrania o los Pa\u00edses Bajos. Por su parte, <a href=\"https:\/\/digiconomist.net\/bitcoin-energy-consumption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Digiconomista<\/a> calcula una cifra de alrededor de 117 TWh anuales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Al mismo tiempo, como lo describe el CBEI, <strong>Bitcoin solo representa 0,69% del consumo total de energ\u00eda en todo el mundo.<\/strong> Adem\u00e1s, &quot;la cantidad de electricidad consumida cada a\u00f1o por los dispositivos dom\u00e9sticos siempre encendidos pero inactivos en los EE. UU. Podr\u00eda alimentar la red Bitcoin durante 1,5 a\u00f1os&quot;. Compar\u00e1ndolo con otras &quot;formas de dinero&quot;, tambi\u00e9n podemos decir que <a href=\"https:\/\/cryptowords.github.io\/bitcoin-and-energy-consumption-rebuttal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">la industria bancaria<\/a> consume m\u00e1s de 639 TWh al a\u00f1o y la miner\u00eda de oro consume m\u00e1s de 139 TWh al a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters.jpg\" alt=\"Criptomonedas-contaminaci\u00f3n-energ\u00eda-consumo\" class=\"wp-image-7321\" width=\"383\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters.jpg 501w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-283x300.jpg 283w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-141x150.jpg 141w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-11x12.jpg 11w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-170x180.jpg 170w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-485x515.jpg 485w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-478x508.jpg 478w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-348x370.jpg 348w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-439x466.jpg 439w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-306x325.jpg 306w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-231x245.jpg 231w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-188x200.jpg 188w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-287x305.jpg 287w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Energy-consumption-by-cryptocurrency.-Source-TRG-Datacenters-63x67.jpg 63w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 383px) 100vw, 383px\" \/><figcaption>Consumo de energ\u00eda por criptomoneda. Fuente: TRG Datacenters<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de Bitcoin, Ethereum consume alrededor de 48 TWh al a\u00f1o [<a href=\"https:\/\/digiconomist.net\/ethereum-energy-consumption\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Digiconomista<\/a>]. Adem\u00e1s, el mes pasado, la firma <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trgdatacenters.com\/most-environment-friendly-cryptocurrencies\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Centros de datos TRG<\/a> calcul\u00f3 la cantidad de kWh consumidos por transacci\u00f3n en diferentes criptomonedas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Como veremos m\u00e1s adelante, el consumo de energ\u00eda tiene mucho que ver con la contaminaci\u00f3n y el cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde viene la energ\u00eda para extraer criptos?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Como mencionamos anteriormente, los mineros suelen elegir las fuentes renovables m\u00e1s baratas. La firma <a href=\"https:\/\/coinshares.com\/assets\/resources\/Research\/bitcoin-mining-network-june-2019-fidelity-foreword.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CoinShares<\/a> calcul\u00f3 eso&nbsp;<strong>m\u00e1s de 74% de la miner\u00eda Bitcoin utiliza fuentes de energ\u00eda renovables, como hidroel\u00e9ctrica, solar y geot\u00e9rmica<\/strong>. Por otro lado, el CBEI afirma que 65% de la miner\u00eda Bitcoin se ha estado produciendo en China. En este pa\u00eds, el carb\u00f3n represent\u00f3 56.8% de generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda dom\u00e9stica en 2020 [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/04\/29\/climate-china-has-no-other-choice-but-to-rely-on-coal-power-for-now.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CNBC<\/a>]. Y esas son malas noticias para las criptomonedas y la contaminaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sin embargo, existen teor\u00edas alternativas. Antes de hablar de ello, conviene conocer qu\u00e9 es la energ\u00eda no rival. \u201cLos bienes que no rivalizan son bienes p\u00fablicos. Todos tienen acceso para usarlos, y su uso no agota su disponibilidad para uso futuro \u201d[<a href=\"https:\/\/askinglot.com\/what-is-a-nonrival-resource\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Askinglot<\/a>]. En el sector de la energ\u00eda, generalmente significa energ\u00eda excedente (y desperdiciada) que nadie usar\u00e1 porque la demanda ya est\u00e1 llena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"bitcoin-tesla-energ\u00eda-verde\" class=\"wp-image-7315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-270x152.jpg 270w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-770x433.jpg 770w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-903x508.jpg 903w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-900x506.jpg 900w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-370x208.jpg 370w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-554x312.jpg 554w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-306x172.jpg 306w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-260x146.jpg 260w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280-87x49.jpg 87w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/light-bulb-984551_1280.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Entonces, hablando del <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2021\/03\/11\/top-countries-most-crypto-users-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mineros de China<\/a>, operan en algunas provincias espec\u00edficas: Xinjiang, Sichuan, Mongolia Interior y Yunnan [CBEI]. La energ\u00eda es sobreabundante y parcialmente renovable all\u00ed. Por lo tanto, <strong>es probable que la mayor\u00eda de los mineros Bitcoin en China est\u00e9n usando energ\u00eda no rival, <\/strong>como fue descrito por <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@nic__carter\/noahbjectivity-on-bitcoin-mining-2052226310cb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Nic Carter<\/a>, cofundador de Coinmetrics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En cuanto al resto de las monedas PoW, solo podemos hacer conjeturas. Por ejemplo, la mayor parte de la miner\u00eda <a href=\"https:\/\/blockchair.com\/es\/litecoin\/nodes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">nodos de Litecoin<\/a> est\u00e1n en los Estados Unidos, Alemania y Francia. En estos pa\u00edses, la energ\u00eda renovable representa 20% [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/tools\/faqs\/faq.php?id=92&amp;t=4#:~:text=In%202020%2C%20renewable%20energy%20sources,about%2020%25%20of%20electricity%20generation.&amp;text=Preliminary%20data.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">EIA<\/a>], 46.3% [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/germany-power-renewables-idUKKBN28O1AH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Reuters<\/a>] y 33.2% [<a href=\"https:\/\/renews.biz\/63340\/france-renewables-capacity-swells-to-547gw\/#:~:text=Renewable%20energy%20contributed%2033.2%25%20to,the%20same%20quarter%20in%202019.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Renueva<\/a>], respectivamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Bitcoin (y otros) no cambia la miner\u00eda?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suena como una soluci\u00f3n f\u00e1cil, \u00bfverdad? \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 las monedas PoW no est\u00e1n abandonando este sistema y reemplaz\u00e1ndolo con PoS? Bueno, de hecho no es tan f\u00e1cil. Primero que nada, recordemos <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2021\/01\/24\/what-proof-of-stake-pos-coins-passive-income\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la prueba de participaci\u00f3n?<\/a>. En los sistemas PoS (y monedas), la figura del &quot;minero&quot; se reemplaza por el &quot;validador&quot;. Este validador, que puede ser cualquiera que lo desee, no necesitar\u00e1 energ\u00eda ni m\u00e1quinas especializadas. En cambio, lo que har\u00e1n es bloquear dentro de una billetera especial una cierta cantidad de tokens nativos que adquirieron previamente.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por lo tanto, obtendr\u00e1n el derecho a verificar transacciones y acu\u00f1ar nuevas monedas, si es necesario, y casi autom\u00e1ticamente. Y ser\u00e1n recompensados por ello, como un ingreso pasivo. Pero no todo es perfecto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-762x508.jpg 762w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-773x515.jpg 773w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-554x369.jpg 554w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-306x204.jpg 306w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-260x173.jpg 260w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1-87x58.jpg 87w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/scam-4126798_1280-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Existe el riesgo de que alg\u00fan desarrollador calificado copie (bifurque) la cadena de bloques<\/strong> y salta entre la cadena original donde ya gastaron el dinero y la nueva cadena donde no lo hicieron, por ejemplo (y gastar dos veces las mismas monedas). No hay &quot;trabajo&quot; para verificar las transacciones aqu\u00ed, solo las partes interesadas. Esto se denomina &quot;<a href=\"https:\/\/smithandcrown.com\/glossary\/nothing-stake-problem\/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9Cnothing%2Dat%2Dstake,%2Dof%2Dstake%20consensus%20mechanisms.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Problema de nada en juego<\/a>\u201dPorque, en la nueva cadena (copiada), no hay nada que perder si haces trampa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entonces, los sistemas PoW son a\u00fan m\u00e1s robustos y seguros. Es por eso que la mayor\u00eda de los desarrolladores y usuarios todav\u00eda mantienen PoW, a pesar de sus inconvenientes. <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2020\/11\/14\/ethereum-2-new-features-prices-more-ethereum-chains\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethereum es un caso diferente<\/a>, aunque. Ya est\u00e1 en el proceso de abandonar PoW y adoptar PoS. En el futuro, podr\u00eda aparecer otro sistema, mejor que PoW o PoS. En ese caso, Bitcoin y otras criptomonedas probablemente migrar\u00edan a ese sistema. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfLas criptomonedas est\u00e1n aumentando el cambio clim\u00e1tico?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>El consumo de energ\u00eda nos lleva a la huella de carbono (contaminaci\u00f3n), que puede conducir al cambio clim\u00e1tico a largo plazo. <a href=\"https:\/\/blueskymodel.org\/kilowatt-hour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">BlueSkyModel<\/a> calcula que, en promedio, un kilovatio-hora produce un poco m\u00e1s de una libra (0,45 kg) de di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO2). Teniendo en cuenta esto y los datos de Digiconomist, <strong>Bitcoin producir\u00eda alrededor de 55,86 Mt de CO2 al a\u00f1o.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por otro lado, la industria bancaria consume alrededor de 639 TWh al a\u00f1o. Entonces, esta industria por s\u00ed sola liberar\u00eda alrededor de 319,5 Mt CO2 a la atm\u00f3sfera. <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2020\/10\/26\/bitcoin-can-compete-gold-states-investment-bank-jpmorgan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Miner\u00eda de oro<\/a>, por su parte, consume unos 138,9 TWh al a\u00f1o, lo que se traduce en 69,4 Mt CO2. Las emisiones totales de la ganader\u00eda mundial son a\u00fan m\u00e1s sorprendentes: 7,1 Gt de CO2 al a\u00f1o [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/news\/story\/es\/item\/197623\/icode\/#:~:text=Total%20emissions%20from%20global%20livestock,of%20all%20anthropogenic%20GHG%20emissions.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ONU FAO<\/a>]. Pero necesitamos comer. Entonces, todo tiene que ver con la perspectiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De acuerdo a <a href=\"https:\/\/news.climate.columbia.edu\/2019\/07\/30\/co2-drives-global-warming\/#:~:text=Scientists%20say%20that%20if%20CO2,two%20and%20five%20degrees%20Celsius.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Escuela Clim\u00e1tica de Columbia<\/a>, \u201cLos cient\u00edficos dicen que si el CO2 se duplica, podr\u00eda elevar la temperatura global promedio de la Tierra entre dos y cinco grados Celsius\u201d para fines de este siglo (2100). Sin embargo, el Bitcoin y las criptomonedas est\u00e1n lejos de ser el principal problema en la contaminaci\u00f3n del planeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"735\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF.jpg 735w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-270x161.jpg 270w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-370x221.jpg 370w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-554x331.jpg 554w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-306x183.jpg 306w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-260x155.jpg 260w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Bitcoin-is-far-behind-the-biggest-energy-consumers-in-the-world.-Source-CCAF-87x52.jpg 87w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><figcaption>Bitcoin est\u00e1 muy por detr\u00e1s de los mayores consumidores de energ\u00eda del mundo. Fuente: CCAF<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfExiste una soluci\u00f3n al problema de PoW?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Este es un trabajo en progreso, pero existen varias iniciativas para la miner\u00eda con renovables. A finales del a\u00f1o pasado, la empresa Square <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20201208005461\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Anunciado<\/a> la creaci\u00f3n de la Iniciativa de Inversi\u00f3n en Energ\u00eda Limpia Bitcoin. Su objetivo es hacer de esta industria un contribuyente de cero emisiones de carbono.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En la misma vena, <a href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/2021\/03\/08\/bitcoin-ethereum-go-bullish-again-new-investments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">el mes pasado<\/a>, el gigante energ\u00e9tico noruego Aker Solutions anunci\u00f3 la creaci\u00f3n de Seetee, una nueva subsidiaria enfocada en criptograf\u00eda. <strong>Tambi\u00e9n tienen la intenci\u00f3n de promover la miner\u00eda Bitcoin con fuentes renovables.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"criptomonedas-contaminaci\u00f3n-energ\u00edas-renovables\" class=\"wp-image-7326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-770x513.jpg 770w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-762x508.jpg 762w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-773x515.jpg 773w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-554x369.jpg 554w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-306x204.jpg 306w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-368x245.jpg 368w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-260x173.jpg 260w, https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/sky-1392241_1920-87x58.jpg 87w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Imagen de Alexas_Fotos en Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En cuanto a los desechos electr\u00f3nicos causados por los ASIC obsoletos, sigue siendo un problema que requiere m\u00e1s atenci\u00f3n. Algunas personas han sugerido reutilizarlos en proyectos como <a href=\"https:\/\/foldingathome.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plegable en casa<\/a> por Stanford. El objetivo aqu\u00ed es proporcionar potencia computacional a sus sistemas, con el fin de simular la din\u00e1mica de las prote\u00ednas y as\u00ed desarrollar nuevas terapias para una variedad de enfermedades. Se est\u00e1n enfocando en COVID-19 en este momento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Es dif\u00edcil saber qu\u00e9 traer\u00e1 el futuro. Pero las criptomonedas se est\u00e1n preparando, incluida la parte de la contaminaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u00bfQuieres ver esta historia en un video? \u00a1Te tenemos!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u00bfEl Bitcoin es malo para el medio ambiente?\" width=\"770\" height=\"433\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hXaQUy-8kek?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u00bfQuieres intercambiar Bitcoin y otros tokens? Puedes hacerlo<\/em>\u00a0<em>sin peligro\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alfa.cash\/buy\/bitcoin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">en Alfacash<\/a>! Y no olvides que estamos hablando de esto y muchas otras cosas en nuestras redes sociales.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/alfacash_crypto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gorjeo<\/a>&nbsp;*&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/AlfacashCommunity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Telegrama<\/a>&nbsp;*&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/alfacashstore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Facebook<\/a>&nbsp;*&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/alfacashstore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Instagram<\/a> * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCOl4fdRHj8AseQ5b6z9udaw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Youtube<\/a>&nbsp;*&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vk.com\/alfacashcrypto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las criptomonedas no est\u00e1n escupiendo exactamente humo negro. Entonces, \u00bflas criptomonedas realmente est\u00e1n produciendo contaminaci\u00f3n? \u00bfC\u00f3mo? \u00a1Ahora es el momento de descubrirlo!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[329,61,319,330,72,331,181,332],"class_list":{"0":"post-7319","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-climate-change","9":"tag-cryptocurrencies","10":"tag-energy","11":"tag-environment","12":"tag-mining","13":"tag-pollution","14":"tag-pos","15":"tag-pow"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/04-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/es\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>FAQ: Cryptocurrencies, pollution, and climate change - alfa.cash blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cryptos aren&#039;t exactly spitting black smoke. So, are cryptocurrencies really producing pollution? How? Now it&#039;s time to discover it!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/es\/2021\/05\/16\/faq-criptomonedas-contaminacion-cambio-climatico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FAQ: Cryptocurrencies, pollution, and climate change\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cryptos aren&#039;t exactly spitting black smoke. So, are cryptocurrencies really producing pollution? How? 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