{"id":3985,"date":"2020-08-30T04:28:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-30T01:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=3985"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:53:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:53:20","slug":"manekiny-co-to-jest-blockchain-jak-to-dziala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/pl\/2020\/08\/30\/manekiny-co-to-jest-blockchain-jak-to-dziala\/","title":{"rendered":"Dla manekin\u00f3w: czym jest blockchain i jak dzia\u0142a?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blockchain i jeszcze wi\u0119cej blockchain! To obecnie powszechny termin, prawie moda w sferach korporacyjnych. Ka\u017cdy chce czego\u015b z blockchainem, nawet je\u015bli nie wie dok\u0142adnie, czym jest \u201eblockchain\u201d. Co\u015b o kryptowalutach, prawda? Co\u015b jak nowa super-techniczna rzecz, prawda\u2026?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niezupe\u0142nie, przyjacielu. Mo\u017cemy wi\u0119c zacz\u0105\u0107 m\u00f3wi\u0107, co NIE jest blockchainem i do czego NIE s\u0142u\u017cy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Blockchain nie jest kryptowalut\u0105.
* Blockchain nie jest platform\u0105 inwestycyjn\u0105.
* Blockchain nie jest wi\u0119ksz\u0105 platform\u0105 open source.
* Blockchain mo\u017ce nie by\u0107 systemem rozproszonym.
* Blockchain mo\u017ce nie by\u0107 zdecentralizowane<\/em> system.
* Blockchain nie jest magiczny.
* Blockchain nie mo\u017ce rozwi\u0105za\u0107 wszystkich twoich problem\u00f3w.
* Blockchain nie mo\u017ce w \u017caden spos\u00f3b zwi\u0119ksza\u0107 Twoich zarobk\u00f3w.
 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wszystko jasne? Wtedy mo\u017cemy zacz\u0105\u0107 uczy\u0107 si\u0119<\/a> czym naprawd\u0119 jest \u201eblockchain\u201d i jaki jest jego cel we wszech\u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blockchain to\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To nic innego jak ksi\u0119ga rachunkowa w wersji zaszyfrowanej cyfrowo.<\/strong> Brzmi nudno? Szczerze m\u00f3wi\u0105c, to troch\u0119 nudne. Gdzie jest magia? Dlaczego wszyscy s\u0105 tacy podekscytowani? I dlaczego to ma co\u015b wsp\u00f3lnego z kryptowalutami?<\/a> Pozw\u00f3l nam wyja\u015bni\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dwana\u015bcie lat temu osoba (lub grupa os\u00f3b) znana jako Satoshi Nakamoto pr\u00f3bowa\u0142a rozwi\u0105za\u0107 problem podw\u00f3jnego wydawania cyfrowej got\u00f3wki w spos\u00f3b bez zaufania. Ok! Mo\u017cemy troch\u0119 zwolni\u0107. Podw\u00f3jne wydawanie to po prostu wydawanie tych samych cyfrowych pieni\u0119dzy wi\u0119cej ni\u017c jeden raz (tak jak powinno). Wiesz, mo\u017cesz skopiowa\u0107 i wklei\u0107 prawie wszystko w Internecie, dlaczego nie pieni\u0105dze?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby unikn\u0105\u0107 tego rodzaju zachowa\u0144, zaufali\u015bmy scentralizowanym instytucjom, takim jak banki i rz\u0105dy. Po wys\u0142aniu elektronicznego przelewu bankowego system banku odlicza te pieni\u0105dze z Twojego konta. Gdyby ich tam nie by\u0142o, prawdopodobnie ludzie wydaliby te same pieni\u0105dze kilka razy. I to jest jak napad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wi\u0119c, Satoshi my\u015bla\u0142 o automatycznym systemie, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142by zast\u0105pi\u0107 te scentralizowane instytucje <\/strong>a jednocze\u015bnie umo\u017cliwi\u0107 posiadanie cyfrowej got\u00f3wki bez problemu podw\u00f3jnego wydawania. Chwyci\u0142 wtedy rodzaj eksperymentalnej kryptograficznej (zaszyfrowanej) bazy danych stworzonej w latach 70. i po\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 j\u0105 z innymi elementami technicznymi, aby stworzy\u0107 pierwsz\u0105 zdecentralizowan\u0105 walut\u0119 cyfrow\u0105 bez problemu podw\u00f3jnego wydawania. A Bitcoin urodzi\u0142 si\u0119 w 2009 roku!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obraz Gerd Altmann \/ Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ta eksperymentalna kryptograficzna baza danych jest s\u0142ynnym blockchainem, mimo \u017ce nikt nie zna\u0142 go tak jak wtedy. Nawet Satoshi: nazwa przysz\u0142a po Bitcoin<\/a>. Dlaczego nie \u201ekrypto-baza danych\u201d lub co\u015b takiego, zamiast \u201e\u0142a\u0144cucha blok\u00f3w\u201d? C\u00f3\u017c, to dlatego, \u017ce baza danych jest w rzeczywisto\u015bci\u2026 \u0142a\u0144cuchem blok\u00f3w, jak si\u0119 wydaje. Bloki cyfrowe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak dzia\u0142aj\u0105 bloki?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017cdy \u201eblok\u201d to ma\u0142y pojemnik danych<\/strong> (transakcje pieni\u0119\u017cne, w przypadku kryptowaluty), po\u0142\u0105czone ze wszystkimi innymi (przesz\u0142e i przysz\u0142e) za pomoc\u0105 czego\u015b, co nazywa si\u0119 \u201ehashami\u201d. S\u0105 to zaszyfrowane wyniki przekazywania danych przez z\u0142o\u017cony algorytm. Co\u015b takiego (je\u015bli u\u017cywamy Algorytm SHA256<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Dane pocz\u0105tkowe: przekaza\u0142e\u015b Mike'owi 1 BTC.
* Zahaszowane dane: 710DAEB54021CCD83046E4FA16106E4DC10E5D617E4C28F61CE29C29CFAE823E<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017cdy hash reprezentuje unikaln\u0105 to\u017csamo\u015b\u0107 dla ka\u017cdej transakcji i ka\u017cdego istniej\u0105cego bloku (grupy transakcji). Wszystkie te to\u017csamo\u015bci matematycznie \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119 p\u00f3\u017aniej ze sob\u0105, \u201e\u0142\u0105cz\u0105c\u201d si\u0119 w ten spos\u00f3b. Tak wi\u0119c, je\u015bli kto\u015b spr\u00f3buje oszuka\u0107, skr\u00f3t jego transakcji (unikalna to\u017csamo\u015b\u0107) ulegnie zmianie; a je\u015bli si\u0119 zmieni, zostanie od\u0142\u0105czony i automatycznie uniewa\u017cniony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obraz Christine Schmidt \/ Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Na przyk\u0142ad pami\u0119tajmy o naszych pocz\u0105tkowych danych (przes\u0142a\u0142e\u015b 1 BTC do Mike'a). Je\u015bli zmienimy tam cho\u0107by ma\u0142y znak, hash r\u00f3wnie\u017c radykalnie si\u0119 zmieni:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Dane pocz\u0105tkowe: przes\u0142a\u0142e\u015b Mike'owi 2 BTC.
* Zahaszowane dane: 005002AC29AE0D1944110DB27CC73E9090F013B15207D84F2086B8646DAF549E<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transakcja nie jest ju\u017c wa\u017cna, a ty, biedny \u015bmiertelniku, nie mo\u017cesz oszuka\u0107 systemu blockchain. Nawet je\u015bli w\u0142adze nie nadzoruj\u0105. Ale teraz zasymulujmy \u201escalanie\u201d transakcji. Powiedzmy, \u017ce te skr\u00f3ty s\u0105 rzeczywi\u015bcie prawid\u0142owe i reprezentuj\u0105 to\u017csamo\u015bci dw\u00f3ch r\u00f3\u017cnych blok\u00f3w. Jak si\u0119 \u0142\u0105cz\u0105? Oczywi\u015bcie \u0142\u0105cz\u0105c si\u0119 razem.<\/strong> Jak to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Wst\u0119pne dane:
710DAEB54021CCD83046E4FA16106E4DC10E5D617E4C28F61CE29C29CFAE823E
005002AC29AE0D1944110DB27CC73E9090F013B15207D84F2086B8646DAF549E
* Zahaszowane dane: EDFE12B5DB008F6491BA671DBE6BA25BD89BD6445B5003E9B3789605DBD24AD8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I to wszystko! Je\u015bli chcesz co\u015b zmieni\u0107 i sprawi\u0107, by by\u0142o wa\u017cne, musisz najpierw rozszyfrowa\u0107 i zmieni\u0107 ka\u017cdy istniej\u0105cy blok. Powodzenia z tym.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blockchain nie dzia\u0142a sam<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pomimo matematyki ta wyrafinowana ksi\u0119ga nie mo\u017ce dzia\u0142a\u0107 sama. Potrzebuje innych element\u00f3w dodanych do niej przez Satoshi: rozproszonej sieci w\u0119z\u0142\u00f3w (i os\u00f3b), wspomnianego algorytmu szyfrowania transakcji i ustalania regu\u0142 dla walidator\u00f3w, transakcji do wydania lub \u201emonet\u201d oraz prywatnych i publicznych kluczy kryptograficznych. Sprawd\u017amy szybko jeden po drugim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sie\u0107 rozproszona<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Obraz Gerd Altmann \/ Pixabay <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

To nie banki czy rz\u0105dy, ale kto\u015b powinien w jaki\u015b spos\u00f3b zweryfikowa\u0107 transakcje. A w przypadku system\u00f3w zdecentralizowanych (jak wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 kryptowalut) by\u0142aby to rozproszona sie\u0107 dostosowana przez wiele os\u00f3b na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie oraz ich komputery i sprz\u0119t (w\u0119z\u0142y). Szczeg\u00f3lnie te ostatnie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rzecz w tym, ka\u017cdy cz\u0142onek sieci (znany jako g\u00f3rnik lub walidator<\/a>) ma kopi\u0119 ca\u0142ego \u0142a\u0144cucha blok\u00f3w na swoim sprz\u0119cie<\/strong>, a ich specjalistyczne oprogramowanie lub sprz\u0119t g\u00f3rniczy jest odpowiedzialny za weryfikacj\u0119 i prowadzenie rejestru ka\u017cdej nowej transakcji oraz wybijanie nowych \u201emonet\u201d; zgodnie z zasadami matematycznymi wyznaczonymi przez algorytm systemu. Wynik zawsze powinien by\u0107 taki sam dla wi\u0119kszo\u015bci walidator\u00f3w, w przeciwnym razie transakcja lub blok b\u0119d\u0105 niewa\u017cne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algorytm konsensusu <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Obraz Tomasz Miko\u0142ajczyk \/ Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017cemy zdefiniowa\u0107 algorytm jako zbi\u00f3r krok\u00f3w i metod, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 zbudowane - wraz z matematyk\u0105 - w celu osi\u0105gni\u0119cia okre\u015blonego wyniku lub rozwi\u0105zania problemu. Istnieje wiele algorytm\u00f3w i nie wszystkie z nich dzia\u0142aj\u0105, aby zbudowa\u0107 \u0142a\u0144cuch blok\u00f3w. Powinny by\u0107 bardzo z\u0142o\u017cone i mocne, aby zachowa\u0107 wysoki poziom bezpiecze\u0144stwa i wymusi\u0107 regu\u0142y w\u015br\u00f3d walidator\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie ka\u017cda kryptowaluta lub system blockchain r\u00f3wnie\u017c wykorzystuje ten sam algorytm.<\/strong> Na przyk\u0142ad Bitcoin<\/a>, u\u017cywa SHA256 (tego, kt\u00f3rego u\u017cywali\u015bmy wcze\u015bniej), ale Ethereum u\u017cywa Ethash, a Zcash u\u017cywa Equihash. To r\u00f3\u017cne funkcje matematyczne, ale cel jest ten sam: zaszyfrowa\u0107 dane.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niewydane wyj\u015bcia transakcji (UTXO) <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Obraz Matthias Wewering \/ Pixabay <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Wiemy, \u017ce to okre\u015blenie brzmi trudne, ale s\u0105 to \u201emonety cyfrowe\u201d lub transakcje jako takie. S\u0105 jak fragmenty w\u0142asno\u015bci, kt\u00f3re s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 do wymiany z innymi lud\u017ami. Mo\u017cesz r\u00f3wnie\u017c por\u00f3wna\u0107 je z rachunkami lub centami w portfelu fizycznym.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prywatne i publiczne klucze kryptograficzne<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Zdj\u0119cie: IntelFreePress \/ Flickr<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

S\u0105 to klucze matematyczne, kt\u00f3re dzia\u0142aj\u0105 jako adresy do wysy\u0142ania i otrzymywania \u015brodk\u00f3w w \u0142a\u0144cuchu blok\u00f3w. Klucz publiczny jest jak numer konta bankowego:<\/strong> mo\u017cesz je swobodnie udost\u0119pnia\u0107, aby otrzymywa\u0107 pieni\u0105dze. Z drugiej strony klucz prywatny s\u0142u\u017cy do \u201epodpisywania\u201d transakcji i weryfikacji prawdziwego w\u0142a\u015bciciela oraz zamiaru wys\u0142ania \u015brodk\u00f3w. Innymi s\u0142owy, klucz prywatny jest jak has\u0142o, a zar\u00f3wno klucz prywatny, jak i publiczny tworz\u0105 \u201ekonto\u201d w kryptowalucie lub \u0142a\u0144cuchu blok\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u201eBlockchain\u201d nie zawsze oznacza \u201ezdecentralizowany\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak powiedzieli\u015bmy na pocz\u0105tku, \u0142a\u0144cuch blok\u00f3w mo\u017ce nie by\u0107 dystrybuowany i nie mo\u017ce by\u0107 zdecentralizowany. W ko\u0144cu to tylko ksi\u0119ga kryptograficzna, a inne elementy, kt\u00f3re z ni\u0105 wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105, mog\u0105 si\u0119 zmienia\u0107 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od potrzeb ich tw\u00f3rc\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Satoshi Nakamoto by\u0142 pierwsz\u0105 osob\u0105, kt\u00f3ra u\u017cy\u0142a go z Bitcoin, ale kod \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142owy<\/a> poniewa\u017c tego rodzaju ksi\u0119ga jest otwarta dla publiczno\u015bci. Mo\u017cna go kopiowa\u0107, wkleja\u0107, modyfikowa\u0107, a nawet sprzedawa\u0107. Tak wi\u0119c wiele os\u00f3b (i przedsi\u0119biorstw) na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie wypr\u00f3bowuje t\u0119 technologi\u0119 do w\u0142asnych cel\u00f3w, nawet poza kryptowalutami. Banki nie s\u0105 wykluczone: lubi\u0105 u\u017cywa\u0107 blockchain\u00f3w do budowania nowych platform p\u0142atniczych. I, jak mo\u017cesz sobie wyobrazi\u0107, nie s\u0105 one zdecentralizowane, ale ca\u0142kowicie kontrolowane przez sie\u0107 instytucjonaln\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czasami \u0142a\u0144cuchy blok\u00f3w nie dzia\u0142aj\u0105 w sieciach rozproszonych, tylko z kontrolowanymi sieciami wewn\u0119trznymi<\/strong>. Ten rodzaj platformy wymaga uprawnie\u0144 u\u017cytkownika od tw\u00f3rc\u00f3w, dlatego nazywa si\u0119 je \u201euprawnionymi\u201d lub prywatnymi \u0142a\u0144cuchami blok\u00f3w. Z drugiej strony kryptowaluty i platformy takie jak Bitcoin wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105 ze zdecentralizowanymi sieciami. To sprawia, \u017ce s\u0105 \u201ebez pozwolenia\u201d lub publicznie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcesz handlowa\u0107 BTC, ETH i innymi tokenami? Mo\u017cesz to zrobi\u0107<\/em>\u00a0bezpiecznie\u00a0na Alfacash<\/a>! I nie zapominaj, \u017ce rozmawiamy o tym i wielu innych rzeczach w naszych mediach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych.

<\/em>\u015awiergot<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Telegram<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Instagram<\/a> * youtube<\/a>\u00a0*Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017cdy chce czego\u015b z blockchainem, nawet je\u015bli nie wie dok\u0142adnie, czym jest \u201eblockchain\u201d. Wi\u0119c wymy\u015blmy to!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3747,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[43,86,44,56,87,72],"class_list":{"0":"post-3985","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-blockchain","10":"tag-decentralization","11":"tag-how-to","12":"tag-ledger","13":"tag-mining"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-a-blockchain-deep-inside.svg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/pl\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nFor dummies: what is a blockchain and how it works? - alfa.cash blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Everybody wants something with blockchain, even if they don\u2019t know exactly what a \u201cblockchain\u201d is. 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