{"id":4844,"date":"2020-12-09T23:33:52","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T20:33:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=4844"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:52:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:52:42","slug":"czym-sa-inteligentne-kontrakty-do-czego-sluza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/pl\/2020\/12\/09\/czym-sa-inteligentne-kontrakty-do-czego-sluza\/","title":{"rendered":"Czym u licha s\u0105 inteligentne kontrakty? Prosty przewodnik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prawdopodobnie ju\u017c wiesz, czym jest (tradycyjny) kontrakt, prawda? W ka\u017cdym razie pami\u0119tajmy o tym. Wed\u0142ug s\u0142ownika Merriam-Webster, umowa to \u201ewi\u0105\u017c\u0105ce porozumienie mi\u0119dzy dwiema lub wi\u0119cej osobami lub stronami, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci jedna prawnie wi\u0105\u017c\u0105ca\u201d. Jaka jest zatem pierwsza rzecz, kt\u00f3ra przychodzi Ci do g\u0142owy, kiedy m\u00f3wimy \u201einteligentne kontrakty\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017ce dokument jest na tablecie? Czy to teraz robot? AI za komputerem? Jest po prostu\u2026 pod\u0142\u0105czony do Internetu? Nie dok\u0142adnie. Je\u015bli sprawdzisz inne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a (takie jak stara wiarygodna Wikipedia), powiedz\u0105 co\u015b w stylu inteligentny kontrakt to \u201eprotok\u00f3\u0142 cyfrowy\u201d lub \u201eprogram komputerowy\u201d, kt\u00f3ry automatycznie wykonuje swoje z g\u00f3ry okre\u015blone warunki<\/strong> kiedy te si\u0119 spe\u0142ni\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obraz Gerd Altmann z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Fajnie, co\u2026? A co to u licha znaczy? C\u00f3\u017c, mo\u017cemy to wyja\u015bni\u0107 w ten spos\u00f3b: inteligentna umowa nie jest czym\u015b, czego mo\u017cna dotkn\u0105\u0107 lub nawet w\u0142a\u015bciwie zobaczy\u0107. Przewa\u017cnie zobaczysz tylko wyniki, podobnie jak w przypadku przewod\u00f3w wewn\u0105trz telewizora. R\u00f3\u017cnica polega na tym, \u017ce tym razem te wyniki s\u0105 ca\u0142kowicie cyfrowe, poniewa\u017c jest to umowa cyfrowa oparta na blockchain<\/a>, napisane kodem obliczeniowym w celu wyegzekwowania wcze\u015bniejszych warunk\u00f3w uzgodnionych przez strony. Mo\u017cesz my\u015ble\u0107 o tym jako o automatycznej umowie lub gwarancji, kt\u00f3ra nie wymaga \u017cadnego dokumentu, prawnika, notariusza ani og\u00f3lnie po\u015brednik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wi\u0119c\u2026 jak inteligentne kontrakty dzia\u0142aj\u0105 dla przeci\u0119tnego faceta?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kr\u00f3tka odpowied\u017a brzmi: aplikacje lub narz\u0119dzia cyfrowe. Je\u015bli nie wiesz, jak pisa\u0107 kod (jak programi\u015bci lub in\u017cynierowie komputerowi), nie b\u0119dziesz odpowiada\u0107 za ich tworzenie, wi\u0119c nie martw si\u0119. Zostaw to zadanie ekspertom. Aby z nich skorzysta\u0107, wystarczy wybra\u0107 aplikacj\u0119 opart\u0105 na inteligentnych kontraktach (zwykle zdecentralizowane aplikacje) lub platform\u0119<\/strong> i korzystaj z niego na swoim urz\u0105dzeniu (mobilnym lub stacjonarnym).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017cemy jednak troch\u0119 porozmawia\u0107 o wewn\u0119trznym dzia\u0142aniu inteligentnego kontraktu. Przede wszystkim sprawd\u017amy obraz, aby pokaza\u0107, jak wygl\u0105daj\u0105 w \u015brodku. Spoiler: to troch\u0119 nudne. To tylko kawa\u0142ek kodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Przyk\u0142ad inteligentnej umowy. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Ethereum.org<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017cemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprawdzi\u0107 ich dane na eksplorator blockchain<\/a> (dost\u0119pna strona internetowa), je\u015bli oczywi\u015bcie jest publiczna. Banki rozwijaj\u0105 w\u0142asne aplikacje z inteligentnymi kontraktami, wi\u0119c nie s\u0105 one publiczne. Ale mo\u017cemy sprawdzi\u0107 np. Przeci\u0119tny kontrakt na Ethereum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Przyk\u0142ad danych publicznych w inteligentnej umowie. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Etherscan<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Odkrywamy tutaj wa\u017cn\u0105 rzecz dotycz\u0105c\u0105 inteligentnych kontrakt\u00f3w. Opr\u00f3cz kodu sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z transakcji i salda pieni\u0119\u017cnego. <\/strong>Nie oznacza to jednak, \u017ce jedyne ich wykorzystanie musi by\u0107 finansowe: transakcje mog\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c stanowi\u0107 tylko informacj\u0119. Je\u015bli chodzi o saldo, prawda jest taka, \u017ce zdecentralizowane inteligentne kontrakty wymagaj\u0105 pewnych op\u0142at do dzia\u0142ania (zwykle w postaci kryptowalut), przeznaczonych dla g\u00f3rnicy lub walidatorzy<\/a> \u0142a\u0144cucha blok\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proces wygl\u0105da jak\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na przyk\u0142ad w Ethereum umowa jest po prostu inny rodzaj adresu<\/a> (portfel \/ konto), z saldem i transakcjami. Ale jest to rodzaj adresu zbiorczego, kt\u00f3ry ma dzia\u0142a\u0107 jako pomost mi\u0119dzy dwiema lub wi\u0119cej stronami, z ustalonymi warunkami. Dlatego ten adres nie jest kontrolowany tylko przez jednego u\u017cytkownika, ale na podstawie w\u0142asnych, wcze\u015bniej uzgodnionych warunk\u00f3w, narzuconych przez ca\u0142\u0105 sie\u0107 Ethereum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wyzwalacz dla tego adresu do zrobienia czego\u015b (na przyk\u0142ad automatycznej transakcji pieni\u0119dzy) jest zdarzeniem oczekiwanym przez strony<\/strong>. Mo\u017ce to by\u0107 sprzeda\u017c, data p\u0142atno\u015bci, zapis czego\u015b, nowy produkt online, zmiana ceny<\/a>, ankiet\u0119, a nawet wyniki sportowe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obraz kinkate z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Umowa si\u0119ga po informacje przekazane na jej temat przez zaanga\u017cowane strony lub przez \u201ewyroczni\u0119\u201d (oprogramowanie, kt\u00f3re konsultuje si\u0119 ze \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142ami zewn\u0119trznymi) i dzia\u0142a w konsekwencji zgodnie z jej ustalonymi warunkami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podsumowuj\u0105c, jest to proces:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Strony negocjuj\u0105 warunki kontraktu (lub firma \/ deweloper podaje je do wiadomo\u015bci wszystkich, kt\u00f3rzy chc\u0105 do niego do\u0142\u0105czy\u0107).
2. Deweloper buduje protok\u00f3\u0142 w wybranym \u0142a\u0144cuchu blok\u00f3w (Ethereum<\/a>, EOS, Tron, Cardano, RSK itp.), Na ustalonych warunkach.
3. Umowa i jej warunki znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 pod adresem takiego \u0142a\u0144cucha blokowego.
4. Wydarzenie ma miejsce.
5. Umowa dokonuje transakcji stosownie do wyniku tego zdarzenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Alice i Bob u\u017cywali inteligentnych kontrakt\u00f3w<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Oczywi\u015bcie potrzebujemy klasycznego przyk\u0142adu z Alice i Bobem. Powiedzmy, \u017ce Alicja ma zamiar postawi\u0107 $500 z Bobem o Cena Bitcoin<\/a> na nast\u0119pny weekend. Bob uwa\u017ca, \u017ce b\u0119dzie to do X dolar\u00f3w, a Alice s\u0105dzi, \u017ce spadnie o X dolar\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Decyduj\u0105 si\u0119 wi\u0119c na zbudowanie inteligentnego kontraktu (odwo\u0142uj\u0105cego si\u0119 do dewelopera lub platformy jako us\u0142ugi) i ustalaj\u0105 warunki. \u015arodki ($500) zostan\u0105 zdeponowane w kryptowalucie do kontraktu,<\/strong> a je\u015bli cena Bitcoin wzro\u015bnie o X w nast\u0119pny weekend, umowa automatycznie przeka\u017ce \u015brodki Bobowi. Je\u015bli cena Bitcoin<\/a> spada X, fundusze trafi\u0105 na adres Alicji. I to wszystko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bitcoin-15000-bieg\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Teraz kolejna sytuacja, tym razem z udzia\u0142em Internetu rzeczy (IoT). Alicja chce wynaj\u0105\u0107 sw\u00f3j dom Bobowi i ma t\u0119 zalet\u0119, \u017ce ma zainstalowany inteligentny zamek, sterowany cyfrowo do otwierania i zamykania drzwi. Dlatego buduj\u0105 inteligentny kontrakt i ustalaj\u0105 nast\u0119puj\u0105ce warunki: Bob zap\u0142aci X dolar\u00f3w w krypto miesi\u0119cznie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u015bli nie zrobi tego przez dwa miesi\u0105ce, umowa nakazuje inteligentny zamek, aby drzwi (i dost\u0119p do domu) by\u0142y zamkni\u0119te.<\/strong> W ten spos\u00f3b Alicja zapewnia, \u017ce otrzyma uzgodnion\u0105 kwot\u0119, a Bob nie musi ju\u017c zbiera\u0107 \u017cadnych dokument\u00f3w ani rekwizyt\u00f3w dla Alicji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No c\u00f3\u017c, w ko\u0144cu to rodzaj umowy. Wyobra\u017ania jest granic\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niekt\u00f3re popularne zastosowania inteligentnych kontrakt\u00f3w<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Istniej\u0105 ju\u017c setki aplikacji opartych na inteligentnych umowach, z wieloma kategoriami i funkcjami. Gie\u0142dy, hazard, gry, inwestycje, nieruchomo\u015bci, opieka zdrowotna, rynki, ankiety\u2026 wszystkie one dzia\u0142aj\u0105 na podstawie inteligentnych kontrakt\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017ce niekt\u00f3re z tych Dapp\u00f3w (kt\u00f3re same w sobie nie s\u0105 inteligentnymi kontraktami, ale pracuj\u0105 z nimi), mog\u0105 zadzwoni\u0107 do ciebie. CryptoKitties (przedmioty kolekcjonerskie), Uniswap (wymiana), Aragon (zarz\u0105dzanie), District0x (rynki i spo\u0142eczno\u015bci), Augur (rynek prognoz), Synthetix (dla aktyw\u00f3w syntetycznych), Axie Infinity (gry), Grid + (energia) i Actifit (zdrowie) to tylko przyk\u0142ady. Wed\u0142ug Stan Dapps<\/a>jest ich ponad 2500.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obraz Edar z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A wiesz, co jeszcze dzia\u0142a w przypadku tych um\u00f3w? Ca\u0142o\u015b\u0107 Zdecentralizowane finanse (DeFi)<\/a> ekosystem, boom w dzisiejszych czasach. Znajdziemy tam wiele narz\u0119dzi inwestycyjnych (np plonowanie<\/a>g\u0142\u00f3wnie), po\u017cyczki, ubezpieczenia, oszcz\u0119dno\u015bci i nie tylko. Platformy takie jak Yearn Finance, Compound, UMA, Maker, Curve i Pickle Finance<\/a> nale\u017c\u0105 do tej kategorii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poza tym banki i firmy takie jak BBVA, Bankia, Sabadell, CaixaBank, IBM, Microsoft, Google, Ernst & Young, S7 Airlines, BitGive<\/a>, Money on Chain i OneSmart City albo testuj\u0105 inteligentne kontrakty, aby ulepszy\u0107 swoje us\u0142ugi, albo u\u017cywaj\u0105 ich ju\u017c w r\u00f3\u017cnych aplikacjach. Jak wi\u0119c wida\u0107, mamy ju\u017c pe\u0142no tych kontrakt\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcesz handlowa\u0107 BTC, ETH i innymi tokenami? Mo\u017cesz to zrobi\u0107<\/em>\u00a0bezpiecznie\u00a0na Alfacash<\/a>! I nie zapominaj, \u017ce rozmawiamy o tym i wielu innych rzeczach w naszych mediach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych.

<\/em>\u015awiergot<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Telegram<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Instagram<\/a> * youtube<\/a>\u00a0*Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Inteligentne kontrakty brzmi\u0105 jak trudne okre\u015blenie, zw\u0142aszcza gdy pr\u00f3buj\u0105 to wyja\u015bni\u0107. Sprawd\u017amy \u0142atwy opis i zastosowania.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4848,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[86,61,44,84,107,199],"class_list":{"0":"post-4844","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-blockchain","9":"tag-cryptocurrencies","10":"tag-decentralization","11":"tag-defi","12":"tag-ethereum","13":"tag-smart-contracts"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Smart-contracts-Guide-Alfacash.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/pl\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nWhat on earth are smart contracts? 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