{"id":4438,"date":"2020-10-17T07:41:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T04:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=4438"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:53:04","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:53:04","slug":"boom-bust-icos-lot-of-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/ro\/2020\/10\/17\/boom-bust-icos-lot-of-money\/","title":{"rendered":"Boom \u0219i bustul ICO-urilor \u0219i o mul\u021bime de bani"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 ave\u021bi o idee excelent\u0103 de produs \/ afacere chiar acum, dar sunte\u021bi cam rupt. Marea ta idee are nevoie de ceva str\u00e2ngere de fonduri \u0219i \/ sau investi\u021bii pentru a prospera, dar ... cui \u00eei ceri? Banca? Prea mult birocra\u021bie (\u0219i poate ave\u021bi deja un credit nepl\u0103tit). O platform\u0103 de crowdfunding? Poate c\u0103 asta va face ... dac\u0103 face\u021bi suficient marketing \u0219i pl\u0103ti\u021bi taxele. Acel creditor dubios pe care l-ai g\u0103sit pe Facebook? Nu sun\u0103 prea bine, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atunci ce? Start-ul t\u0103u n\u0103scut este condamnat s\u0103 fie doar \u00een capul t\u0103u pentru totdeauna? Nu dac\u0103 lumea criptomonedelor poate face ceva \u00een acest sens. Acesta este principalul motiv pentru care s-au n\u0103scut Ofertele ini\u021biale de monede (ICO), v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de jetoane sau v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een grup.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deci, ce este un ICO?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 cum sugereaz\u0103 (al doilea) nume, ICO-urile sunt un mecanism de str\u00e2ngere de fonduri, \u00een care o companie, organiza\u021bie, echip\u0103 sau individ (oricine, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r) ofer\u0103 publicului o cantitate stabilit\u0103 de noi jetoane bazate pe blockchain de v\u00e2nzare \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu fondurile str\u00e2nse prin aceast\u0103 metod\u0103, autorul \/ autorii proiectului care ofer\u0103 ICO poate finaliza dezvoltarea produsului sau ideii lor. \u00cen schimb, investitorii c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 jetoanele unice create pentru ICO, care pot fi utilizate ulterior \u00een cadrul viitoarei platforme \/ produse sau se pot comporta (un fel de) ca stoc: dac\u0103 proiectul este finalizat cu succes, jetoanele \u00ee\u0219i vor cre\u0219te valoarea ini\u021bial\u0103 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Imagine de Gino Crescoli de la Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a rezuma: este ceva foarte similar cu crowdfunding-ul, dar mai ales pentru startup-uri, care implic\u0103 criptomonede<\/a> \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 abia vreo reglementare sau condi\u021bii la nivel mondial. Singurul lucru pe care ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eel pl\u0103teasc\u0103 devizatorii ICO sunt taxele (de obicei foarte mici) pe tranzac\u021bie sau contract inteligent. Acesta din urm\u0103 ar fi necesar pentru a bloca fondurile \u0219i a le distribui \u00eentre investitori \u00eentr-un mod mai echitabil \u0219i transparent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ciuda acestui fapt, echipa din spatele proiectului ar fi \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een controlul fondurilor \u00een majoritatea cazurilor<\/strong>\u2026 \u0218i asta este problema \u00een majoritatea cazurilor. Pentru c\u0103, din p\u0103cate, ICO-urile sunt \u00eenconjurate de idei proaste, platforme mediocre, marketing agresiv \u0219i, \u00een cel mai r\u0103u caz, fraude \u0219i escrocherii. Nu sunt reglementate \u0219i acest lucru nu este doar un avantaj, la urma urmei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boom-ul: goana nebun\u0103 a aurului 2017-2018<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Primul ICO a avut loc \u00een 2013 de Mastercoin (acum Omni), o platform\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe pe Bitcoin<\/a> care permite crearea de noi criptomonede \u0219i active. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent nu este foarte cunoscut \u0219i succesul s\u0103u ar putea fi discutabil. De\u0219i, la doar un an dup\u0103 aceea, va veni Ethereum ICO (da, Ethereum s-a n\u0103scut de acolo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peste c\u00e2\u021biva ani, acela ar fi favoritul blockchain<\/a> pentru a lansa ICO-uri, dar, p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, proiectul ini\u021bial a primit \u00een jur de 18 milioane de dolari \u00een BTC pentru v\u00e2nzarea Ethers (ETH), simbolul lor nativ. Investitorii (noroco\u0219i) le-a cump\u0103rat<\/a> la 0,31 USD pe unitate, \u00een timp ce, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, pre\u021bul este de aproape 400 USD pe unitate. \u0218i, desigur, pot folosi ETH \u00een cadrul blockchain-ului Ethereum pentru a pl\u0103ti comisioane de tranzac\u021bie, pentru a scrie contracte inteligente sau pentru a construi noi aplica\u021bii descentralizate (Dapps).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen primii patru ani de existen\u021b\u0103, ICO-urile nu au f\u0103cut mare agita\u021bie. Una aici, alta acolo; cu venituri modeste. \u0218i apoi, din senin, au explodat: proiecte cu abia o carte alb\u0103 care str\u00e2ng milioane \u00een c\u00e2teva zile (sau chiar minute),<\/strong> aproximativ 50 de ICO-uri lansate pe lun\u0103, blockchain-ul Ethereum saturat din cauza volumului mare al acestora (ceva similar cu Proiecte DeFi acum<\/a>) \u0219i o mul\u021bime de FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) la nivel mondial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Imagine de Tumisu de la Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Proiectele actuale de succes au venit de acolo. Sirin Labs (blockchain telefoane mobile<\/a> \/ + 150M), Filecoin<\/a> (stocare blockchain \/ + 200M), Tezos (+ 250M) \u0219i EOS istoric (contracte inteligente \/ + 4.2B), de exemplu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, \u00een\u0219el\u0103torii minunate au g\u0103tit cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 \u00een mijlocul emo\u021biei. Unul dintre ei a fost Modern Tech din Vietnam, care a oferit dou\u0103 ICO-uri pentru investitorii lor.<\/strong> Au promis<\/a> Returnarea investi\u021biilor extraordinare (ROI) pentru dou\u0103 jetoane (inutile): Pincoin \u0219i iFan. C\u00e2nd au str\u00e2ns \u00een jur de 666 milioane de dolari, fug pur \u0219i simplu cu to\u021bi banii. A fost cea mai mare \u00een\u0219el\u0103torie a timpului s\u0103u \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 ocup\u0103 o pozi\u021bie \u00een partea de sus. Yikes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bustul \u0219i Crypto Winter<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Se apropie iarna, spun ei. Acel ritm nebun nu ar putea dura pentru totdeauna, a\u0219a c\u0103 z\u0103pada (\u0219i s\u00e2ngele) au prins pia\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2018. As Michael Casey<\/a> a spus la acea vreme: \u201eBitcoin a sc\u0103zut acum cu aproximativ 75% fa\u021b\u0103 de maximele sale, eterul este oprit cu aproximativ 90%, iar capitalizarea general\u0103 a pie\u021bei simbolurilor este cu 80% mai mic\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unele \u021b\u0103ri (precum China \u0219i Coreea de Sud) au interzis \u00een totalitate ICO-urile <\/strong>iar acestea au \u00eenceput s\u0103 aib\u0103 probleme juridice sistematice la nivel mondial. Comisia pentru valori mobiliare din SUA esta<\/a>au binecuv\u00e2ntat c\u0103 fiecare jeton promis ca investi\u021bie viitoare va fi reglementat ca garan\u021bie financiar\u0103, iar emiten\u021bii lor vor trebui s\u0103 respecte regulile oficiale (\u0219i costurile) pentru a ob\u021bine o licen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Autoritatea european\u0103 pentru valori mobiliare \u0219i pie\u021be (ESMA) a furnizat un concluzie similar\u0103<\/a>, subliniind faptul c\u0103 \u201efirmele implicate \u00een ICO ar trebui s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare cu aten\u021bie dac\u0103 activit\u0103\u021bile lor constituie activit\u0103\u021bi reglementate. Orice nerespectare a normelor aplicabile va constitui o \u00eenc\u0103lcare [pedepsit\u0103] \u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conform un studiu<\/a> de c\u0103tre firma de consultan\u021b\u0103 ICO Statis Group, 78% din ICO-urile din 2017 au fost identificate ca escrocherii<\/strong>; in timp ce o alt\u0103 cercetare<\/a> realizat de GreySpark Partners a dezv\u0103luit c\u0103 aproape 50% din proiectele ICO au e\u0219uat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2018, dintr-un motiv sau altul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen 2019, dup\u0103 cum a indicat firma de cercetare CB Insights<\/a>, str\u00e2ngerea de fonduri ICO a sc\u0103zut 95% de la an la an. \u00cen timp ce 2018 le-a acordat 7,8 miliarde de dolari, \u00een anul urm\u0103tor ICO-urile au str\u00e2ns doar 371 de milioane. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere toate escrocheriile de ie\u0219ire, reputa\u021bia proast\u0103, proiectele de nivel secundar \u0219i reglement\u0103rile, acesta a fost probabil singurul rezultat posibil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 chiar o carte care spune povestea aceea<\/a> din punctul de vedere al emiten\u021bilor ICO (o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de studen\u021bi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banii ICO-urilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A\u0219a cum am spus mai \u00eenainte, o mare parte din fondurile str\u00e2nse tocmai au disp\u0103rut din cauza unor proiecte nefavorabile sau a unor fraude. Restul sunt \u00een m\u00e2inile burselor, a dezvoltatorilor \u0219i a investitorilor noroco\u0219i, care au reu\u0219it s\u0103 cumpere criptomonede la pre\u021buri foarte ieftine \u0219i produse care acum sunt foarte apreciate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 verific\u0103m ICObench<\/a>, un tracker ICO online, vom observa c\u0103 fondurile totale str\u00e2nse sunt \u00een jur de 27 miliarde de dolari, \u00een timp ce exist\u0103 + 5,7 milioane de proiecte publicate<\/strong>. Dar exist\u0103 un truc acolo: o bun\u0103 parte a acestuia nu sunt exact ICO-uri, ci IEO-uri (Oferte ini\u021biale de schimb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Imagine de Csaba Nagy de la Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Este cam la fel ca un ICO, dar sunt lansate numai de burse reglementate, care aleg proiectele cer\u00e2nd furnizorilor documente, cerin\u021be \u0219i taxe. \u00cen acest fel, emiten\u021bii ICO trebuie s\u0103 solicite \u0219ansa de a fi inclu\u0219i \u00een IEO, iar frauda este mult mai dificil\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pute\u021bi spune c\u0103 IEO-urile sunt evolu\u021bia natural\u0103 a ICO-urilor. Dar noi a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat o lec\u021bie bun\u0103<\/a> from those times: all that glitters\u00a0is\u00a0not gold. And most of the bets are lost, so, never invest something you can\u2019t afford to lose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Dori\u021bi s\u0103 tranzac\u021biona\u021bi BTC, ETH \u0219i alte jetoane? O po\u021bi face<\/em>\u00a0\u00een siguran\u021b\u0103\u00a0pe Alfacash<\/a>! \u0218i nu uita\u021bi c\u0103 vorbim despre acest lucru \u0219i despre multe alte lucruri pe re\u021belele noastre sociale.

<\/em>Stare de nervozitate<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Telegram\u0103<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Instagram<\/a> * Youtube<\/a>\u00a0*Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ofertele ini\u021biale de monede (ICO) au avut un mare boom \u00een 2017-2018, dar asta nu a putut dura pentru totdeauna. Ce sa \u00eent\u00e2mplat p\u00e2n\u0103 acum?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[61,107,150,148,149,101],"class_list":{"0":"post-4438","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-cryptocurrencies","9":"tag-ethereum","10":"tag-fundraising","11":"tag-ico","12":"tag-ieo","13":"tag-investment"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Boom-and-bust-of-ICOs-and-their-secrets-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/ro\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nBoom and bust of ICOs and a lot of money - alfa.cash blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) had a great boom in 2017-2018, but that couldn't last forever. 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