{"id":4438,"date":"2020-10-17T07:41:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T04:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=4438"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:53:04","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:53:04","slug":"boom-bust-icos-lot-of-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/sk\/2020\/10\/17\/boom-bust-icos-lot-of-money\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozmach a krach ICO a ve\u013ea pe\u0148az\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Povedzme, \u017ee m\u00e1te v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti skvel\u00fd produkt\/obchodn\u00fd n\u00e1pad, ale ste trochu na mizine. Na to, aby v\u00e1\u0161 skvel\u00fd n\u00e1pad prosperoval, potrebujete nejak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky a\/alebo invest\u00edcie, ale ... koho o to po\u017eiadate? Banka? Pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea byrokracie (a mo\u017eno u\u017e m\u00e1te nezaplaten\u00fd kredit). Platforma crowdfundingu? Mo\u017eno to bude sta\u010di\u0165 ... ak budete dostato\u010dne marketingova\u0165 a plati\u0165 poplatky. Ten pochybn\u00fd verite\u013e, ktor\u00e9ho ste na\u0161li na Facebooku? To neznie pr\u00edli\u0161 dobre, skuto\u010dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potom \u010do? Je v\u00e1\u0161 rodiaci sa startup ods\u00faden\u00fd na to, \u017ee bude nav\u017edy iba v va\u0161ej hlave? Nie, ak s t\u00fdm svet kryptomien m\u00f4\u017ee nie\u010do urobi\u0165. To je hlavn\u00fd d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do sa zrodili Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 ponuky minc\u00ed (ICO), predaj tokenov alebo Crowdsales.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je teda ICO?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako m\u00f4\u017ee nazna\u010dova\u0165 (druh\u00fd) n\u00e1zov, ICO s\u00fa mechanizmom z\u00edskavania finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov, v ktorom spolo\u010dnos\u0165, organiz\u00e1cia, t\u00edm alebo jednotlivec (ktoko\u013evek, skuto\u010dne) pon\u00faka verejnosti zaveden\u00e9 mno\u017estvo nov\u00fdch tokenov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na blockchaine na predaj v danom obdob\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S finan\u010dn\u00fdmi prostriedkami z\u00edskan\u00fdmi touto met\u00f3dou m\u00f4\u017eu autori projektu, ktor\u00fd pon\u00faka ICO, dokon\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdvoj svojho produktu alebo my\u0161lienky. V\u00fdmenou za to investori z\u00edskavaj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 tokeny vytvoren\u00e9 pre ICO, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 nesk\u00f4r v r\u00e1mci bud\u00facej platformy\/produktu alebo sa m\u00f4\u017eu spr\u00e1va\u0165 (akosi) ako akcie: ak je projekt \u00faspe\u0161ne dokon\u010den\u00fd, tokeny zv\u00fd\u0161ia svoju p\u00f4vodn\u00fa hodnotu .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zok Gino Crescoli z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f to zhrniem: je nie\u010do ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 crowdfundingu, ale najm\u00e4 pre za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face firmy kryptomeny<\/a> a bez takmer akejko\u013evek regul\u00e1cie alebo podmienok na celom svete. Jedin\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00fa by v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri ICO mali plati\u0165, s\u00fa (zvy\u010dajne ve\u013emi n\u00edzke) poplatky za transakciu alebo inteligentn\u00fa zmluvu. Ten by bol potrebn\u00fd na uzamknutie fondov a ich spravodlivej\u0161iu a transparentnej\u0161iu distrib\u00faciu medzi investorov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Napriek tomu bude ma\u0165 t\u00edm, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za projektom, vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov st\u00e1le kontrolu nad finan\u010dn\u00fdmi prostriedkami<\/strong>... a to je vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov probl\u00e9m. Preto\u017ee, bohu\u017eia\u013e, ICO s\u00fa obklopen\u00e9 zl\u00fdmi n\u00e1padmi, priemern\u00fdmi platformami, agres\u00edvnym marketingom a v najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade podvodmi a podvodmi. Nie s\u00fa regulovan\u00e9 a koniec koncov to nie je len v\u00fdhoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozmach: \u0161ialen\u00e1 zlat\u00e1 hor\u00fa\u010dka 2017-2018<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prv\u00e9 ICO v roku 2013 uskuto\u010dnila platforma Mastercoin (teraz Omni) na Bitcoin<\/a> ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ranie nov\u00fdch kryptomien a akt\u00edv. Dodnes nie je ve\u013emi zn\u00e1my a jeho \u00faspech by mohol by\u0165 diskutabiln\u00fd. Aj ke\u010f len rok na to pr\u00edde Ethereum ICO (\u00e1no, Ethereum sa odtia\u013e narodil).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O nieko\u013eko rokov bude tento favorit blockchain<\/a> na spustenie ICO, ale dovtedy po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd projekt z\u00edskal pribli\u017ene 18 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov v BTC za predaj Ethers (ETH), ich p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho tokenu. T\u00ed (\u0161\u0165astn\u00ed) investori k\u00fapil ich<\/a> na 0,31 USD za jednotku, pri\u010dom k dne\u0161n\u00e9mu d\u0148u je cena takmer 400 USD za jednotku. A samozrejme m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ETH v r\u00e1mci blockchainu Ethereum na platenie transak\u010dn\u00fdch poplatkov, p\u00edsanie inteligentn\u00fdch zml\u00fav alebo na vytv\u00e1ranie nov\u00fdch decentralizovan\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed (Dapps).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010das prv\u00fdch \u0161tyroch rokov existencie ICO nevzbudilo ve\u013ek\u00fd rozruch. Jeden sem, druh\u00fd tam; so skromn\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami. A potom z ni\u010doho ni\u010d explodovali: projekty so sotva bielym dokumentom, ktor\u00e9 vyzbierali mili\u00f3ny za nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed (alebo dokonca min\u00fat),<\/strong> spusten\u00fdch asi 50 ICO za mesiac, blockchain Ethereum nas\u00fdten\u00fd kv\u00f4li ich ve\u013ek\u00e9mu objemu (nie\u010do podobn\u00e9 ako Projekty DeFi teraz<\/a>) a stra\u0161ne ve\u013ea FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) po celom svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zok Tumisu z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Odtia\u013e poch\u00e1dzali aktu\u00e1lne \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 projekty. Sirin Labs (blockchain mobiln\u00e9 telef\u00f3ny<\/a> \/ +150 mili\u00f3nov), Filecoin<\/a> (\u00falo\u017eisko blockchainu \/ +200 mili\u00f3nov), Tezos ( +250 mili\u00f3nov) a napr\u00edklad historick\u00fd EOS (inteligentn\u00e9 zmluvy \/ +4,2 B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uprostred vzru\u0161enia sa v\u0161ak \u013eahko varili aj \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 podvody. Jednou z nich bola vietnamsk\u00e1 Modern Tech, ktor\u00e1 svojim investorom pon\u00fakla dve ICO.<\/strong> S\u013e\u00fabili<\/a> mimoriadna n\u00e1vratnos\u0165 invest\u00edci\u00ed (ROI) pre dva (zbyto\u010dn\u00e9) tokeny: Pincoin a iFan. Ke\u010f vyzbierali okolo 666 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov, so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi peniazmi jednoducho utiekli. Bol to najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed podvod svojej doby a st\u00e1le vyp\u013a\u0148a poz\u00edciu na vrchole. Fuj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Busta a krypto zima<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zima sa bl\u00ed\u017ei, hovor\u00ed sa. Ten \u0161ialen\u00fd rytmus nemohol trva\u0165 ve\u010dne, tak\u017ee sneh (a krv) zachytili trh do konca roku 2018. As Michael Casey<\/a> vtedy povedal: \u201eBitcoin je teraz zhruba 75% dole zo svojich maxim, \u00e9ter je vypnut\u00fd asi o 90% a celkov\u00e1 trhov\u00e1 kapitaliz\u00e1cia tokenov je o 80% ni\u017e\u0161ia\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 krajiny (ako \u010c\u00edna a Ju\u017en\u00e1 K\u00f3rea) ICO \u00faplne zak\u00e1zali <\/strong>a tieto za\u010dali ma\u0165 celosvetovo systematick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne probl\u00e9my. Americk\u00e1 komisia pre cenn\u00e9 papiere a burzy esta<\/a>uviedli, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd token s\u013e\u00faben\u00fd ako bud\u00faca invest\u00edcia bude regulovan\u00fd ako finan\u010dn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie a ich vydavatelia bud\u00fa musie\u0165 na z\u00edskanie licencie dodr\u017ea\u0165 ofici\u00e1lne pravidl\u00e1 (a n\u00e1klady).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Eur\u00f3psky org\u00e1n pre cenn\u00e9 papiere a trhy (ESMA) vydal a podobn\u00fd z\u00e1ver<\/a>, pri\u010dom zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee \u201efirmy zapojen\u00e9 do ICO by mali starostlivo zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165, \u010di ich \u010dinnosti predstavuj\u00fa regulovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Ak\u00e9ko\u013evek nedodr\u017eanie pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pravidiel bude predstavova\u0165 [potrestan\u00e9] poru\u0161enie \u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadium<\/a> poradensk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 ICO Statis Group, 78% z roku 2017 ICO bolo identifikovan\u00fdch ako podvody<\/strong>; k\u00fdm \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum<\/a> vykonan\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou GreySpark Partners odhalila, \u017ee takmer 50% projektov ICO zlyhalo do roku 2018 z jedn\u00e9ho alebo in\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roku 2019, ako uviedla v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 CB Insights<\/a>, fundraising ICO medziro\u010dne klesol o 95%. K\u00fdm rok 2018 im dal 7,8 miliardy dol\u00e1rov, v nasleduj\u00facom roku ICO vyzbierali iba 371 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov. Ke\u010f vezmeme do \u00favahy v\u0161etky podvody pri odchode, zl\u00fa poves\u0165, projekty druhej kateg\u00f3rie a nariadenia, bol to pravdepodobne jedin\u00fd mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdsledok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje dokonca kniha rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00faca ten pr\u00edbeh<\/a> z poh\u013eadu emitentov ICO (banda \u0161tudentov).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peniaze ICO<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako sme u\u017e povedali, ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 z\u00edskan\u00fdch financi\u00ed zmizla kv\u00f4li zl\u00fdm projektom alebo podvodom. Ostatn\u00e9 s\u00fa v ruk\u00e1ch b\u00farz, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch investorov, ktor\u00fdm sa podarilo nak\u00fapi\u0165 kryptomeny a produkty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti hodnotn\u00e9, za skuto\u010dne lacn\u00e9 ceny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak skontrolujeme ICObench<\/a>, online sledova\u010d ICO, v\u0161imneme si, \u017ee celkov\u00e9 vyzbieran\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky s\u00fa okolo 27 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov, pri\u010dom je publikovan\u00fdch +5,7 tis\u00edc projektov<\/strong>. Existuje v\u0161ak trik: ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 z nich nie s\u00fa pr\u00e1ve ICO, ale IEO (po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 ponuky na v\u00fdmenu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zok Csaba Nagy z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

To je nie\u010do podobn\u00e9 ako ICO, ale s\u00fa spusten\u00e9 iba regulovan\u00fdmi burzami, ktor\u00e9 vyberaj\u00fa projekty t\u00fdm, \u017ee od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov \u017eiadaj\u00fa dokumenty, po\u017eiadavky a poplatky. Vydavatelia ICO tak bud\u00fa musie\u0165 po\u017eiada\u0165 o zaradenie do zoznamu IEO a podvod je ove\u013ea \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4\u017eete poveda\u0165, \u017ee IEO s\u00fa prirodzen\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom ICO. Ale my dostal dobr\u00fa lekciu<\/a> from those times: all that glitters\u00a0is\u00a0not gold. And most of the bets are lost, so, never invest something you can\u2019t afford to lose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcete obchodova\u0165 s BTC, ETH a in\u00fdmi tokenmi? Ty to dok\u00e1\u017ee\u0161<\/em>\u00a0bezpe\u010dne\u00a0na Alfacash<\/a>! A nezabudnite, \u017ee o tomto a o mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch veciach hovor\u00edme na na\u0161ich soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach.

<\/em>Twitter<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Telegram<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Instagram<\/a> * YouTube<\/a>\u00a0*Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 ponuky minc\u00ed (ICO) mali v rokoch 2017-2018 ve\u013ek\u00fd rozmach, ale to nemohlo trva\u0165 ve\u010dne. \u010co sa do dne\u0161n\u00e9ho d\u0148a stalo?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[61,107,150,148,149,101],"class_list":{"0":"post-4438","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-cryptocurrencies","9":"tag-ethereum","10":"tag-fundraising","11":"tag-ico","12":"tag-ieo","13":"tag-investment"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Boom-and-bust-of-ICOs-and-their-secrets-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/sk\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nBoom and bust of ICOs and a lot of money - alfa.cash blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) had a great boom in 2017-2018, but that couldn't last forever. 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