{"id":7906,"date":"2021-09-19T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-19T07:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=7906"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:51:18","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:51:18","slug":"bitcoin-legalna-mena-salvador-panama-ukrajina-viac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/sk\/2021\/09\/19\/bitcoin-legalna-mena-salvador-panama-ukrajina-viac\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitcoin ako leg\u00e1lna mena: Salvador, Panama, Ukrajina a \u010fal\u0161ie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bitcoin (BTC) od\u0161tartoval nov\u00fa \u00e9ru v glob\u00e1lnej ekonomike. Jeho met\u00f3dy sa rozi\u0161li s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi sch\u00e9mami, preto\u017ee to bola prv\u00e1 \u00faplne digit\u00e1lna a decentralizovan\u00e1 mena. Navy\u0161e, jeho hodnota by sa riadila iba ponukou a dopytom; a nie od \u017eiadnej centr\u00e1lnej banky. Teraz m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 Bitcoin aj ako leg\u00e1lnu menu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti Bitcoin v\u0161ak s\u0165a\u017eovali regul\u00e1ciu pre vl\u00e1dy a regula\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny na celom svete. Okrem toho m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 krajina svoj vlastn\u00fd pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec, ktor\u00fd je potrebn\u00e9 posudzova\u0165 individu\u00e1lne. Preto z\u00e1konnos\u0165 Bitcoin<\/a> (a \u010fal\u0161ie kryptomeny) z\u00e1vis\u00ed vo ve\u013ekej miere od krajiny, v ktorej je hodnoten\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V preva\u017enej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine z nich, ako s\u00fa Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty, Kanada, niektor\u00e9 krajiny \u00c1zie a Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania, pou\u017e\u00edvanie Bitcoin<\/a> je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za leg\u00e1lny. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 rovnak\u00fd status ako ich n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 meny. Pozrime sa trochu na to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitcoin ako leg\u00e1lna mena vs. leg\u00e1lne peniaze<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Defin\u00edcia \u201ez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla\/meny\u201c sa l\u00ed\u0161i v z\u00e1vislosti od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u00fazemia. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee ide o ofici\u00e1lny sp\u00f4sob platby na \u00fazem\u00ed. Obvykle je op\u00edsan\u00fd ako povinn\u00fd; ako je definovan\u00e9 napr\u00edklad v \u0160panielska banka<\/a>. Je to potom tento \u201epovinn\u00fd\u201c stav, ktor\u00fd by mohol odli\u0161ova\u0165 z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo od z\u00e1konn\u00fdch pe\u0148az\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd je tie\u017e povolen\u00fd ako sp\u00f4sob platby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Najlep\u0161\u00ed<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V tomto zmysle mohli Bitcoin mimo \u0161tat\u00fatu z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla prija\u0165 iba fyzick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby ako volite\u013en\u00e9 sp\u00f4sob platby<\/a>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd by tak mal pr\u00e1vo odmietnu\u0165 to a namiesto toho po\u017eiada\u0165 o n\u00e1rodn\u00fa menu. Naopak, ak by Bitcoin (alebo in\u00e9 kryptomeny) boli leg\u00e1lnou menou, jeho prijatie by mohlo by\u0165 povinn\u00e9. To, samozrejme, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych z\u00e1konov a rozhodnut\u00ed vl\u00e1d.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doteraz iba jedna krajina na celom svete ofici\u00e1lne prijala Bitcoin ako z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo, aj ke\u010f to nie je jedin\u00e1 mena s t\u00fdmto \u0161tat\u00fatom na \u00fazem\u00ed. Hovor\u00edme, samozrejme, o El Salvador<\/a>. Ale aj ostatn\u00e9 krajiny sa otv\u00e1raj\u00fa, aby legalizovali menu v tomto roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Salvador<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh na prijatie Bitcoin za leg\u00e1lnu menu predlo\u017eil v j\u00fani tohto roku prezident Nayib Bukele a o nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn nesk\u00f4r ho schv\u00e1lil z\u00e1konodarn\u00fd zbor. N\u00e1sledne 7. septembra 2021 vst\u00fapil do platnosti takzvan\u00fd \u201ez\u00e1kon Bitcoin\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z hlavn\u00fdch motiv\u00e1ci\u00ed prezidenta k tomuto rozhodnutiu s\u00fa vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na remitencie<\/a> \u017ee jeho ob\u010dania musia plati\u0165 za uskuto\u010dnenie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch prevodov pe\u0148az\u00ed. Tieto poplatky<\/a> by dosiahol sumy a\u017e 400 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov ro\u010dne, \u010do predstavuje viac ako 20% HDP krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"prasiatko-mince-kryptomeny\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0164a\u017eba Bitcoin<\/a> sa stal leg\u00e1lnym aj v Salv\u00e1dore. Existuje dokonca n\u00e1vrh na vyu\u017eitie n\u00e1rodnej geoterm\u00e1lnej energie na tento \u00fa\u010del, ale zatia\u013e o tom nie je definovan\u00e9 \u017eiadne nariadenie. Pokia\u013e ide o dane s\u00favisiace s kryptomenami, ob\u010dania Salvadoranu nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadne povinnosti. Osloboden\u00ed bud\u00fa aj zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investori, ktor\u00ed v tejto krajine z\u00edskaj\u00fa zisky z d\u00f4vodu zv\u00fd\u0161enia ceny Bitcoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Povinn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie Bitcoin v Salvadore<\/strong>, uva\u017eovan\u00fd v Bitcoin z\u00e1kon<\/a> (a\u017e na nieko\u013eko v\u00fdnimiek), vynik\u00e1. \u010cl\u00e1nok 7 znie: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd agent mus\u00ed akceptova\u0165 Bitcoin ako sp\u00f4sob platby, ak mu ho pon\u00faka ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto z\u00edskava tovar alebo slu\u017ebu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To vyvolalo kontroverziu, napriek tomu, \u017ee prezident Bukele a minister financi\u00ed Alejandro Zelaya, pouk\u00e1zal<\/a> (rozporuplne), \u017ee nikto nebol povinn\u00fd prija\u0165 Bitcoin v Salvadore. Odporcovia z\u00e1kona reagovali s mierov\u00e9 protesty<\/a> a tie\u017e n\u00e1silne, pri\u010dom ni\u010d\u00ed a spa\u013euje bankomaty Bitcoin in\u0161talovan\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Panama<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V Paname e\u0161te legaliz\u00e1cia Bitcoin neprebehla, ale do N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho zhroma\u017edenia bolo predlo\u017een\u00fdch nieko\u013eko n\u00e1vrhov. Niektor\u00ed z nich uva\u017euj\u00fa o legaliz\u00e1cii a zda\u0148ovan\u00ed a in\u00ed o regul\u00e1cii \u0165a\u017eby Bitcoin alebo ich kombin\u00e1cii. Treba poznamena\u0165, \u017ee \u017eiadny z nich e\u0161te nebol schv\u00e1len\u00fd ani zamietnut\u00fd. Na tieto ot\u00e1zky st\u00e1le neexistuj\u00fa jasn\u00e9 pokyny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bitcoin-legalna
Obr\u00e1zok od jorono z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade by pou\u017eitie Bitcoin bolo volite\u013en\u00e9 a nie povinn\u00e9<\/strong>. Jedinou menou z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla v tejto krajine by na\u010falej zostali miestny balboa (PAB) a americk\u00fd dol\u00e1r (USD). Pokia\u013e ide o navrhovan\u00e9 z\u00e1kony<\/a>, bolo navrhnut\u00e9, \u017ee okrem legaliz\u00e1cie Bitcoin ako sp\u00f4sobu platby by sa dane a licencie vz\u0165ahovali aj na ban\u00edkov a spolo\u010dnosti zaoberaj\u00face sa kryptomenami (napr\u00edklad kryptoburzy).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrajina<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tento mesiac schv\u00e1lil ukrajinsk\u00fd parlament (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Najvy\u0161\u0161ia rada) n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1konn\u00fd uzn\u00e1va a reguluje<\/a> kryptomeny ako Bitcoin. Napriek tomu nie s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo, ale m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 leg\u00e1lne vymenen\u00e9 a vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 ob\u010danmi tejto krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"bitcoin-leg\u00e1lna
Obr\u00e1zok od cryptostock z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea inform\u00e1ci\u00ed Ukrajiny si Ukrajina v minulosti dr\u017eala najvy\u0161\u0161ie poz\u00edcie v oblasti kryptomeny Re\u0165azov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza<\/a>. V roku 2021 sa to skuto\u010dne stalo zn\u00e1mym prostredn\u00edctvom spr\u00e1vy Opendatabot<\/a> \u017ee viac ako 652 verejn\u00fdch zamestnancov na Ukrajine dr\u017ealo spolu 46 351 bitcoinov (BTC). Odteraz, tieto prevody op\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa siv\u00fa z\u00f3nu, aby sa na \u00fazem\u00ed stali \u00faplne leg\u00e1lnymi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medzi nov\u00e9 opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa ulo\u017ei\u0165, patria licencie a dane zameran\u00e9 na krypto-spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 chc\u00fa v tejto krajine p\u00f4sobi\u0165. Okrem toho bud\u00fa ma\u0165 spotrebitelia aj poskytovatelia slu\u017eieb v tomto odvetv\u00ed pr\u00e1vnu ochranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Karibsk\u00e1 krajina uznala Bitcoin<\/a> ako sp\u00f4sob platby pomocou nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon<\/a> ktor\u00e9 vst\u00fapili do platnosti tento mesiac. Nov\u00fd pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec uva\u017euje aj o regul\u00e1cii Bitcoin a kryptomien. \u0160pecifikuje, \u017ee krypto transakcie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 medzi finan\u010dn\u00fdmi in\u0161tit\u00faciami, pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdmi osobami a fyzick\u00fdmi osobami, pokia\u013e s\u00fa schv\u00e1len\u00e9 Kub\u00e1nskou centr\u00e1lnou bankou.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bitcoin-legalna
Obr\u00e1zok Lloyd Cl z Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho transakcie s kryptomeny<\/a> nie s\u00fa zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, ale bolo varovan\u00e9, \u017ee nebud\u00fa chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 z\u00e1konom. Rovnako v\u0161etky spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 chc\u00fa s t\u00fdmto majetkom na \u00fazem\u00ed p\u00f4sobi\u0165, musia z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fa licenciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie Bitcoin v tejto krajine sa uk\u00e1zalo ako alternat\u00edva k odosielaniu remitenci\u00ed, vzh\u013eadom na nedostato\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edstup Kub\u00e1ncov k medzin\u00e1rodnej ekonomike. Bitcoin tu v\u0161ak nebude z\u00e1konnou menou: z\u00e1konn\u00fdm platidlom zost\u00e1va iba kub\u00e1nske peso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitcoin ako leg\u00e1lna mena v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 krajiny<\/a> \u017ee aj bez prijatia Bitcoin ako z\u00e1konn\u00e9ho platidla maj\u00fa priate\u013eskej\u0161ie pravidl\u00e1 vo\u010di kryptomen\u00e1m. M\u00e1me napr\u00edklad Maltu, zn\u00e1mu ako \u201eostrov blockchain\u201c. Bola to jedna z prv\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 regulovali Bitcoin s cie\u013eom podpori\u0165 jeho pou\u017e\u00edvanie bez zlo\u010dinu<\/a>. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edpadom je Japonsko, kde sa narodil Mt. Gox, kedysi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia svetov\u00e1 burza Bitcoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"August-svet<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

K tomuto zoznamu sa prip\u00e1ja aj \u0160vaj\u010diarsko, Singapur a Est\u00f3nsko, preto\u017ee bitcoin pova\u017euj\u00fa za leg\u00e1lny a \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v tejto krajine. Nov\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edpadom, ktor\u00fd treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165, je Laos,<\/strong> \u010d\u00ed vl\u00e1da kone\u010dne autorizovan\u00fd<\/a> Obchodovanie a \u0165a\u017eba Bitcoin po troch rokoch z\u00e1kazu. Odr\u00e1\u017ea to skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee do kryptosveta sa zap\u00e1ja st\u00e1le viac kraj\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fdm Bitcoin sa narodil ako mena mimo kontroly \u0161t\u00e1tu a predpismi<\/a>, vl\u00e1dy by nevyhnutne chceli regulova\u0165 jeho pou\u017e\u00edvanie v r\u00e1mci svojich jurisdikci\u00ed. To by mohlo prinies\u0165 aj ve\u013ek\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ako napr\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161enie d\u00f4very v jeho pou\u017e\u00edvanie. V ceste stoj\u00ed aj vy\u0161\u0161ia adopcia a z\u00e1ruky, ako aj dostupn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie o nej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcete obchodova\u0165 s Bitcoin a in\u00fdmi \u017eet\u00f3nmi? Ty to dok\u00e1\u017ee\u0161<\/em> bezpe\u010dne <\/em>na Alfacash<\/a><\/em>! A nezabudnite, \u017ee o tomto a o mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch veciach hovor\u00edme na na\u0161ich soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Twitter<\/a> * Telegram<\/a> * Facebook<\/a> * Instagram<\/a> * YouTube<\/a> * Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bitcoin je teraz leg\u00e1lnou menou v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. Okrem Salvadoru m\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165 viac r\u00f4zne z\u00e1kony. Objavte ich tu!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7918,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[43,61,339,340,118,407],"class_list":{"0":"post-7906","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-analysis","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-cryptocurrencies","10":"tag-el-salvador","11":"tag-latin-america","12":"tag-regulations","13":"tag-ukraine"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/02-scaled.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/sk\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nBitcoin as legal currency: El Salvador, Panama, Ukraine, and more<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bitcoin is now legal currency in several countries. 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