{"id":3985,"date":"2020-08-30T04:28:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-30T01:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/?p=3985"},"modified":"2024-02-19T21:53:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T18:53:20","slug":"kukla-nedir-blockchain-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/tr\/2020\/08\/30\/kukla-nedir-blockchain-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"Aptallar i\u00e7in: blok zinciri nedir ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Blockchain ve daha fazla blockchain! Bu \u015fu anda ortak bir terim, kurumsal alanlarda neredeyse bir moda. "Blockchain" in ne oldu\u011funu tam olarak bilmeseler bile, herkes blockchain ile bir \u015feyler ister. Kripto para birimleri hakk\u0131nda bir \u015fey, de\u011fil mi? Yeni bir s\u00fcper-teknoloji-\u015feyamajig gibi bir \u015fey, de\u011fil mi\u2026?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam olarak de\u011fil dostum. B\u00f6ylece, neyin blok zinciri OLMADI\u011eINI ve ne i\u00e7in OLMADI\u011eINI belirlemeye ba\u015flayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Blockchain bir kripto para birimi de\u011fildir.
* Blockchain bir yat\u0131r\u0131m platformu de\u011fildir.
* Blockchain, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 platform de\u011fildir.
* Blockchain, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sistem olmayabilir.
* Blockchain bir merkezi olmayan<\/em> sistemi.
* Blockchain b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc de\u011fil.
* Blockchain t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zemez.
* Blockchain, kazanc\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde art\u0131rmayabilir.
 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temiz? O zaman ba\u015flayabiliriz \u00f6\u011frenmek<\/a> bir \u201cblok zincir\u201d in ger\u00e7ekte ne oldu\u011fu ve evrendeki amac\u0131 nedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir blok zinciri\u2026<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u015fey, dijital \u015fifreli bir versiyondaki bir muhasebe defterinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/strong> S\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 geliyor mu? D\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak gerekirse biraz s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131. Orada sihir nerede? Neden herkes bu kadar heyecanl\u0131? Ve neden bu \u015feyin yapacak bir \u015feyi var kripto para birimleri ile?<\/a> A\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Satoshi Nakamoto olarak bilinen ki\u015fi (veya bir grup insan) dijital parada \u00e7ift harcama sorununu g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Tamam m\u0131! Biraz yava\u015flayabiliriz. \u00c7ift harcama, temelde, ayn\u0131 dijital paray\u0131 birden fazla harcamakt\u0131r (olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi). Biliyorsunuz, internetteki hemen hemen her \u015feyi kopyalay\u0131p yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz, neden para olmas\u0131n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, bankalar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler gibi merkezi kurumlara g\u00fcvendik. Elektronik banka havalesi g\u00f6nderdi\u011finizde, bankan\u0131n sistemi bu paray\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131zdan indirir. Orada olmasalar, muhtemelen insanlar ayn\u0131 paray\u0131 birka\u00e7 kez harcarlard\u0131. Ve bu bir soygun gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yani, Satoshi, bu merkezi kurumlar\u0131n yerini alacak otomatik bir sistem \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. <\/strong>ve ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7ift harcama sorunu olmadan dijital paraya sahip olmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor. 70'lerde olu\u015fturulan bir t\u00fcr deneysel kriptografik (\u015fifrelenmi\u015f) veritaban\u0131n\u0131 yakalad\u0131 ve \u00e7ift harcama sorunu olmadan ilk merkezi olmayan dijital para birimini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in di\u011fer teknik unsurlarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Ve Bitcoin 2009'da do\u011fdu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Resim Gerd Altmann \/ Pixabay'a y\u00fcklendi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bu deneysel kriptografik veritaban\u0131, o zamanlar kimse bilmese de \u00fcnl\u00fc bir blok zinciridir. Satoshi bile de\u011fil: isim geldi Bitcoin sonras\u0131<\/a>. Neden "blockchain" yerine "kripto veritaban\u0131" veya bunun gibi bir \u015fey olmas\u0131n? \u015eey, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc veritaban\u0131 asl\u0131nda\u2026 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi bir bloklar zinciri. Dijital bloklar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bloklar nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Her "blok" k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir veri kab\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong> (kripto para birimi durumunda parasal i\u015flemler), "hash" ad\u0131 verilen bir \u015feyle di\u011ferlerine (ge\u00e7mi\u015fler ve gelecekler) zincirlenir. Bunlar, verilerin karma\u015f\u0131k bir algoritmadan ge\u00e7irilmesinin \u015fifrelenmi\u015f sonucudur. Bunun gibi bir \u015fey (e\u011fer kullan\u0131rsak SHA256 algoritmas\u0131<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* \u0130lk veriler: Mike'a 1 BTC aktard\u0131n\u0131z.
* Hashed veriler: 710DAEB54021CCD83046E4FA16106E4DC10E5D617E4C28F61CE29C29CFAE823E<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her hash, her i\u015flem ve var olan her blok (bir i\u015flem grubu) i\u00e7in benzersiz bir kimli\u011fi temsil eder. T\u00fcm bu kimlikler daha sonra birbirleriyle matematiksel olarak birle\u015ferek kendilerini bu \u015fekilde \u201czincirler\u201d. Bu nedenle, herhangi biri hile yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, i\u015fleminin karmas\u0131 (benzersiz kimlik) de\u011fi\u015fecektir; ve de\u011fi\u015firse, zincirden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve otomatik olarak ge\u00e7ersiz hale gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Resim Christine Schmidt \/ Pixabay'a y\u00fcklendi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, ilk verilerimizi hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m (Mike'a 1 BTC aktard\u0131n\u0131z). Orada k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir karakteri bile de\u011fi\u015ftirirsek, hash de k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fecektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* \u0130lk veriler: Mike'a 2 BTC aktard\u0131n\u0131z.
* Hashed veriler: 005002AC29AE0D1944110DB27CC73E9090F013B15207D84F2086B8646DAF549E<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015flem art\u0131k ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil ve siz zavall\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcler, blockchain sistemini aldatamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Yetkililer denetlemese bile. Ama \u015fimdi i\u015flemler aras\u0131ndaki "birle\u015fmeyi" sim\u00fcle edelim. Diyelim ki bu hash'ler hem ge\u00e7erli hem de iki farkl\u0131 blo\u011fun kimli\u011fini temsil ediyor. Birbirlerine nas\u0131l zincirlenirler? Elbette kendilerini birbirine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak.<\/strong> Bunun gibi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*\u0130lk veri:
710DAEB54021CCD83046E4FA16106E4DC10E5D617E4C28F61CE29C29CFAE823E
005002AC29AE0D1944110DB27CC73E9090F013B15207D84F2086B8646DAF549E
* Hashed veriler: EDFE12B5DB008F6491BA671DBE6BA25BD89BD6445B5003E9B3789605DBD24AD8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve bu kadar! Bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lmak istiyorsan\u0131z, \u00f6nce var olan her blo\u011fu de\u015fifre etmeli ve de\u011fi\u015ftirmelisiniz. Onunla iyi \u015fanslar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir blok zinciri tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Matemati\u011fe ra\u011fmen, bu karma\u015f\u0131k defter kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz. Satoshi'nin kendisine ekledi\u011fi di\u011fer \u00f6\u011felere ihtiyac\u0131 var: da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler (ve insanlar) a\u011f\u0131, i\u015flemleri \u015fifrelemek ve do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in kurallar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in yukar\u0131da bahsedilen algoritma, harcanacak i\u015flemler veya "madeni paralar" ve \u00f6zel ve genel kriptografik anahtarlar. H\u0131zl\u0131ca tek tek kontrol edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f a\u011f<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Resim Gerd Altmann \/ Pixabay'a y\u00fcklendi <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bankalar veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetler de\u011fil, ancak birisinin i\u015flemleri bir \u015fekilde do\u011frulamas\u0131 gerekiyor. Ve merkezi olmayan sistemler i\u00e7in (\u00e7o\u011fu kripto para birimi gibi) bu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden bir\u00e7ok insan, bilgisayarlar\u0131 ve ekipmanlar\u0131 (d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmleri) taraf\u0131ndan uyumlu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir a\u011f olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle sonuncular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesele \u015fu ki, a\u011f\u0131n her \u00fcyesi (olarak bilinir madenci veya do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131<\/a>) donan\u0131m\u0131nda t\u00fcm blok zincirinin bir kopyas\u0131na sahiptir<\/strong>ve her yeni i\u015flemin do\u011frulanmas\u0131 ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 ve yeni \u201cmadeni paralar\u0131n\u201d bas\u0131lmas\u0131ndan onlar\u0131n uzman yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 veya madencilik ekipman\u0131 sorumludur; sistemin algoritmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen matematiksel kurallar\u0131 takip etmek. Sonu\u00e7, \u00e7o\u011fu do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in her zaman ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r, aksi takdirde i\u015flem veya blok ge\u00e7ersiz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konsens\u00fcs algoritmas\u0131 <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Resim Tomasz Miko\u0142ajczyk \/ Pixabay'a y\u00fcklendi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bir algoritmay\u0131, belirli bir sonuca ula\u015fmak veya bir problemi \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in matematikle olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ad\u0131mlar ve y\u00f6ntemler dizisi olarak tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. D\u0131\u015far\u0131da bir\u00e7ok algoritma var ve hepsi bir blok zinciri olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Do\u011frulay\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flamak ve kurallar\u0131 zorlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her kripto para birimi veya blok zinciri sistemi de ayn\u0131 algoritmay\u0131 kullanmaz.<\/strong> Bitcoin, \u00f6rne\u011fin<\/a>, SHA256 (daha \u00f6nce kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z) kullan\u0131yor, ancak Ethereum Ethash kullan\u0131yor ve Zcash Equihash kullan\u0131yor. Farkl\u0131 matematiksel i\u015flevlerdir, ancak ama\u00e7 ayn\u0131d\u0131r: verileri \u015fifrelemek.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harcanmam\u0131\u015f i\u015flem \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 (UTXO'lar) <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Resim Matthias Wewering \/ Pixabay'a y\u00fcklendi <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Terimin kula\u011fa zor geldi\u011fini biliyoruz, ancak bunlar "dijital paralar" veya kendi ba\u015f\u0131na i\u015flemlerdir. Di\u011fer insanlarla de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00fclkiyet par\u00e7alar\u0131 gibiler. Bunlar\u0131 fiziksel c\u00fczdan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7indeki banknotlar veya sentlerle de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel ve genel kriptografik anahtarlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
IntelFreePress \/ Flickr taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar, bir blok zinciri i\u00e7inde para g\u00f6ndermek ve almak i\u00e7in adres olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan matematiksel anahtarlard\u0131r. Genel anahtar, banka hesap numaras\u0131 gibidir:<\/strong> para almak i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrce payla\u015fabilirsiniz. Di\u011fer tarafta \u00f6zel anahtar, i\u015flemleri "imzalamak" ve ger\u00e7ek sahibin ve fonlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderme niyetini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, \u00f6zel anahtar bir \u015fifre gibidir ve hem \u00f6zel hem de genel anahtar kripto para birimi veya blok zinciri i\u00e7inde bir "hesap" olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


"Blockchain" her zaman "merkezi olmayan" anlam\u0131na gelmez<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk ba\u015fta s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi, bir blok zinciri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lamayabilir ve merkezi olmayan olmayabilir. Sonu\u00e7ta bu sadece bir kriptografik defterdir ve onunla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan di\u011fer unsurlar yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Satoshi Nakamoto, onu Bitcoin ile kullanan ilk ki\u015fiydi, ancak kaynak kodu<\/a> \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu t\u00fcr bir defter halka a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kopyalanabilir, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir ve hatta sat\u0131labilir. Bu nedenle, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinden bir\u00e7ok insan (ve i\u015fletme) bu teknolojiyi kripto para birimlerinin \u00f6tesinde bile kendi kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in deniyor. Bankalar d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131yor: Yeni \u00f6deme platformlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in blok zincirleri kullanmay\u0131 seviyorlar. Ve tahmin edebilece\u011finiz gibi, bunlar ademi merkeziyet\u00e7i de\u011fil, tamamen kurumsal a\u011f taraf\u0131ndan kontrol ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bazen blok zincirleri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f a\u011flarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz, sadece kontroll\u00fc dahili a\u011flarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/strong>. Bu t\u00fcr bir platform, yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131 izinlerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar, bu nedenle bunlara "izinli" veya \u00f6zel blok zincirleri denir. \u00d6te yandan, kripto para birimleri ve Bitcoin gibi platformlar, merkezi olmayan a\u011flarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu onlar\u0131 "izinsiz" veya halka a\u00e7\u0131k hale getiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

BTC, ETH ve di\u011fer jetonlar\u0131 takas etmek ister misiniz? Bunu yapabilirsin<\/em>\u00a0g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde\u00a0Alfacash'de<\/a>! Ve sosyal medyada bundan ve daha pek \u00e7ok \u015feyden bahsetti\u011fimizi unutmay\u0131n.

<\/em>Twitter<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Telgraf<\/a>\u00a0*\u00a0Instagram<\/a> * Youtube<\/a>\u00a0*Facebook<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0*\u00a0Vkontakte<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

"Blockchain" in ne oldu\u011funu tam olarak bilmeseler bile, herkes blockchain ile bir \u015feyler ister. \u00d6yleyse, \u00e7\u00f6zelim!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3747,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[43,86,44,56,87,72],"class_list":{"0":"post-3985","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn","8":"tag-bitcoin","9":"tag-blockchain","10":"tag-decentralization","11":"tag-how-to","12":"tag-ledger","13":"tag-mining"},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/What-is-a-blockchain-deep-inside.svg","author_info":{"display_name":"Isabel P\u00e9rez","author_link":"https:\/\/alfacash.blog\/tr\/author\/isabel\/"},"yoast_head":"\nFor dummies: what is a blockchain and how it works? - alfa.cash blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Everybody wants something with blockchain, even if they don\u2019t know exactly what a \u201cblockchain\u201d is. 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